. jAlbum 9 slides/Ainsworth & Sons 1905 Mining Reporter.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 AINSWORTH & SONS AD - Ad in the 1905 Mining Reporter for Ainsworth balances and the Brunton pocket transit AINSWORTH & SONS AD - Ad in the 1905 Mining Reporter for Ainsworth balances and the Brunton pocket transit slides/Ainsworth & Sons 1905 Mining Reporter.JPG slides/Ainsworth Assay Balance.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 AINSWORTH ASSAY BALANCE - Wm. Ainsworth assay button balance, serial #643, made about 1892, case is French polished mahogany from Gold Coast of Africa with two front drawers with ivory pulls, all brass hardware, button pans are German silver, counter balance sliding door with original lock and key, measures 20 in. wide, 10 in. deep and 16 in. high, 8 in. beam, marked Wm. AINSWORTH MAKER; 643; DENVER, COLO with two bubble levels, early balance made by Ainsworth prior to company name change to Ainsworth and Sons in 1899, unknown model number since it was made before first Ainsworth catalog in 1895, appears to be early version of No. 045 Silver Button Balance advertised in 1903 Henry Heil Chemical Company St. Louis, Mo. catalog (item #2601/20); acquired from the Standards Laboratory of the New Jersey Zinc Company (note the short history below). [While several types of balances were used in the fire-assaying process (see pulp balances elsewhere in my pics), the assay or button balance (terms are synonymous) is unique. Its only purpose was to weigh the button or small pellet of gold or silver which was the final result of the assaying process. The assay balance was designed to be very accurate with sensitivities of 0.01 to 0.02 milligrams. Although the internal workings of an assay balance and a pulp or analytical balance are different, the easiest way to tell them apart is the size of the pans. Assay balance pans vary from 1/4 to 5/8 in. in diameter while the pulp balance has 2 in. diameter pans or larger. The history of assay balance manufacturing in the western US begins with William Ainsworth, America’s premiere assay balance and analytical balance maker. Ainsworth was born January 22, 1850 in Lancashire, England. He, his mother and a sister Anne Elizabeth (born May 1842) came to America in 1853. In his teens, he obtained a job in the Elgin watch factory at Elgin, Illinois where his duties consisted of selecting, testing, installing and manipulating the hair springs of the watches, a very delicate and tedious job. He later worked for the Union Copper Distilling Company of Calumet in Cook County, Illinois where he was employed as a steam engineer and eventually Chief Engineer. In 1874, he moved to Black River Falls, Wisconsin, where he worked for J. W. Cole and Company as a watch maker. There he met and married Elma E. Eastman. It is evident through his work experiences that Ainsworth learned to be top-notch toolmaker and mechanical engineer. In 1875, the young couple moved west, traveled through Denver and settled in Central City, Colorado, where he turned to his watch making trade to earn a living, working for various jewelers there. This work led Ainsworth into contact with a variety of people, mostly miners and assayers, and it is believed that these associations eventually led him into the balance business. To help the assayers, he began repairing assay balances and in time learned the "secrets of the trade." In 1877 the Ainsworths moved to Denver. Although his primary sources of income were watch making, machining and time lock repairing for banks, he continued to develop his balance trade on the side. The Denver City Directory of 1879 lists William Ainsworth as a watch maker for A. B. Ingols Jewelry and in 1880 and 1881 he is listed as an owner in the Swain & Ainsworth Machine Shop on 474 Larimer Street. It was in 1879 while serving as a watch maker for A. B. Ingols that Ainsworth probably made his first balance. He began by buying a small hand planer and on this planer he machined the bed of a small engine lathe. He built the lathe in its entirety and then began the slow process of making his own taps and dies. He established his own standards of sizes and thread forms. It is also believed that he then constructed a milling machine. The first balance parts were turned out on the small lathe and miller with a great deal of hand work. The brass beams were laid out and sawed with a jeweler's saw and the balance cases were made of high grade African mahogany with a French polish finish. In 1882 Ainsworth had his watch making and balance shop at 248 16th Street and several years later he located his shop at 577 and 579 Lawrence St. This address eventually became his factory and home for many years. In 1887 a street re-numbering occurred and, although the factory and home remained in the same building at the same location, the address became 2151 Lawrence. Information regarding Ainsworth's early balances is, of course, quite scarce. A serial number record from #473 to #2027 is known, but it only provides a description; there are no dates. It is possible to date balance serial #1000 at 1898, which would mean that Ainsworth built one thousand balances between 1880 and 1898, or approximately 55 balances a year. Since in 1899 the company built approximately 100 balances, 55 a year does not seem unlikely. One of Ainsworth's outstanding contributions to the industry was his development of shortening the balance beam, which effectively quickened the assaying process. The firm of William Ainsworth Balance Company started in 1880 even though he continued with his watch repair and time lock service. Ainsworth balances were almost immediately preferred by the local assayers. In spite of this acceptance, however, the problem of building sufficient volume to support a family with this infant industry was a tough one and Ainsworth found it necessary to hire out his services to keep the business going. It may be this situation that caused him to be listed as a watch maker and machinist rather than a balance maker. William Ainsworth provided the experience and perhaps the motivation for a number of prospective balance manufacturers. Of the five prominent western balance companies, all but one of the owners had at least some part of their training with William Ainsworth. They were Elmer Smith and Fred Thompson who would establish Smith & Thompson Balance Company (later to become the Thompson Balance Company), Albert Dahlberg and Hugo Franow who would establish the Denver Balance Company, and George Keller who would establish the Keller Balance Company in Salt Lake City. The latter gave some training and opportunity to George Spiegel and Wilfred Huesser in their balance making endeavors. The Ainsworth Balance Company continued to prosper and around 1895, Mr. D. W. Brunton brought his newly patented Brunton Pocket Transit to William Ainsworth to manufacture. The first lot consisted of twenty-five instruments, and thus began the Brunton Pocket Transit business, which was to serve the company well into the 20th century. Around 1899, William's two sons joined him and the company became known as Ainsworth and Sons. Robert G. Ainsworth was born in Pennsylvania on January 1, 1878 and Alfred W. Ainsworth on October 30, 1884. Both got their early training in the Ainsworth factory and it was a natural course of events that led them to join the firm in 1899. The success of the Brunton Pocket Transit may have contributed to the decision of Ainsworth and Sons Company to build and market surveying instruments. In any event, the work was started on surveying instruments around 1904, but the first transits were not marketed until 1906. This continued until 1940, when the transit business was sold to Harry Glantz, who had been an instrument maker for Ainsworth. After that purchase, the transit business that had operated under the Ainsworth name became known as Rocky Mountain Instrument Company. Sometime around 1910, Ainsworth & Sons began a major shift from manufacturing assay balances to manufacturing analytical balances. William Ainsworth died January 1, 1917, leaving the management of the company in the hands of his two sons and his wife, Elma E. Ainsworth. From shortly before WW I until the 1930s the company went through a period of wide diversification. These included manufacture of a Dodge automobile transmission, spotlights, tire gauges, automobile signaling devices, perfume atomizers, toilet flush valves, moving picture machines, smoking pipes, furnace grates, valve-facing tools for automobiles, seismographs, mining carbide lamps, gunsights, and radio parts. Ainsworth and Sons were the sole manufacturers of the hard to find Arnold Carbide Candle (shown in my carbide hand lamp pics) patented by Ralph R. Arnold of Cripple Creek, CO in 1912. By 1934 the idea of wooden cased balances was abandoned and the Company began producing balances in metal cases. The Ainsworth and Sons Company was purchased in 1965 by Xavier Science Corporation, and in 1967 the plant was moved to the Denver Tech Center. During this time, ownership of the company went through several hands, including Tastee-Freeze Industries, Inc. of Chicago. More recently, the rights to the Ainsworth name have been purchased by the Denver Instrument Company of Denver. See John and Geraldine Shannon, The Assay Balance Its Evolution and the Histories of the Companies That Made Them, 1999 and John Shannon, Mining Artifact Collector #2, pp 30-31] The following short history of the New Jersey Zinc Company is a sad testament to the mining history of the US. The New Jersey Zinc Company was for many years the largest producer of zinc and zinc products in the United States. The company had its origins in northwestern New Jersey in 1848 when two companies were created to exploit the iron and zinc deposits at Franklin and Sterling Hill in Sussex County, New Jersey. The Sussex Zinc and Copper Mining and Manufacturing Corporation was incorporated in 1848 for the purpose of mining zinc, and the New Jersey Exploration and Mining Company was incorporated in 1849 for the purpose of mining iron. The founding partners were the same for both companies, and in 1852 the companies merged to form the New Jersey Zinc Corporation. The company adopted the horsehead, one of the state symbols of New Jersey, as its logo. Because of ambiguous deeds, overlapping claims, and misunderstanding over the nature of the ores at Franklin and Sterling Hill, mining companies in the district were in constant litigation. From 1868 to 1880, the New Jersey Zinc Company fought a legal battle with Moses Taylor's Franklin Iron Company, a dispute that was finally resolved in 1880 by merging the two companies into the New Jersey Zinc and Iron Company. In 1897, the remaining Franklin District companies were consolidated under the umbrella of the New Jersey Zinc Company, led by Stephen S. Palmer. The Palmer family controlled the company for 46 years until the death of Stephen's son Edgar in 1943, when the estate of Edgar Palmer was forced to sell its controlling interest in order to pay inheritance taxes. In 1966, the company agreed to merge with Gulf and Western Industries and become a subsidiary of that great conglomerate. The passage of environmental protection laws in the 1970's turned New Jersey Zinc's legacy of environmental pollution into a liability. In 1981, former officials of Gulf and Western's Natural Resources Division led a buyout of New Jersey Zinc and made it a subsidiary of Horsehead Industries, Inc, a reference to the company's logo adopted in 1852. Saddled with environmental cleanup liabilities, and struggling with cash flow due to record low prices in the early 2000's, Horsehead Industries filed for bankruptcy in 2002. AINSWORTH ASSAY BALANCE - Wm. Ainsworth assay button balance, serial #643, made about 1892, case is French polished mahogany from Gold Coast of Africa with two front drawers with ivory pulls, all brass hardware, button pans are German silver, counter balance sliding door with original lock and key, measures 20 in. wide, 10 in. deep and 16 in. high, 8 in. beam, marked Wm. AINSWORTH MAKER; 643; DENVER, COLO with two bubble levels, early balance made by Ainsworth prior to company name change to Ainsworth and Sons in 1899, unknown model number since it was made before first Ainsworth catalog in 1895, appears to be early version of No. 045 Silver Button Balance advertised in 1903 Henry Heil Chemical Company St. Louis, Mo. catalog (item #2601/20); acquired from the Standards Laboratory of the New Jersey Zinc Company (note the short history below). [While several types of balances were used in the fire-assaying process (see pulp balances elsewhere in my pics), the assay or button balance (terms are synonymous) is unique. Its only purpose was to weigh the button or small pellet of gold or silver which was the final result of the assaying process. The assay balance was designed to be very accurate with sensitivities of 0.01 to 0.02 milligrams. Although the internal workings of an assay balance and a pulp or analytical balance are different, the easiest way to tell them apart is the size of the pans. Assay balance pans vary from 1/4 to 5/8 in. in diameter while the pulp balance has 2 in. diameter pans or larger. The history of assay balance manufacturing in the western US begins with William Ainsworth, America’s premiere assay balance and analytical balance maker. Ainsworth was born January 22, 1850 in Lancashire, England. He, his mother and a sister Anne Elizabeth (born May 1842) came to America in 1853. In his teens, he obtained a job in the Elgin watch factory at Elgin, Illinois where his duties consisted of selecting, testing, installing and manipulating the hair springs of the watches, a very delicate and tedious job. He later worked for the Union Copper Distilling Company of Calumet in Cook County, Illinois where he was employed as a steam engineer and eventually Chief Engineer. In 1874, he moved to Black River Falls, Wisconsin, where he worked for J. W. Cole and Company as a watch maker. There he met and married Elma E. Eastman. It is evident through his work experiences that Ainsworth learned to be top-notch toolmaker and mechanical engineer. In 1875, the young couple moved west, traveled through Denver and settled in Central City, Colorado, where he turned to his watch making trade to earn a living, working for various jewelers there. This work led Ainsworth into contact with a variety of people, mostly miners and assayers, and it is believed that these associations eventually led him into the balance business. To help the assayers, he began repairing assay balances and in time learned the "secrets of the trade." In 1877 the Ainsworths moved to Denver. Although his primary sources of income were watch making, machining and time lock repairing for banks, he continued to develop his balance trade on the side. The Denver City Directory of 1879 lists William Ainsworth as a watch maker for A. B. Ingols Jewelry and in 1880 and 1881 he is listed as an owner in the Swain & Ainsworth Machine Shop on 474 Larimer Street. It was in 1879 while serving as a watch maker for A. B. Ingols that Ainsworth probably made his first balance. He began by buying a small hand planer and on this planer he machined the bed of a small engine lathe. He built the lathe in its entirety and then began the slow process of making his own taps and dies. He established his own standards of sizes and thread forms. It is also believed that he then constructed a milling machine. The first balance parts were turned out on the small lathe and miller with a great deal of hand work. The brass beams were laid out and sawed with a jeweler's saw and the balance cases were made of high grade African mahogany with a French polish finish. In 1882 Ainsworth had his watch making and balance shop at 248 16th Street and several years later he located his shop at 577 and 579 Lawrence St. This address eventually became his factory and home for many years. In 1887 a street re-numbering occurred and, although the factory and home remained in the same building at the same location, the address became 2151 Lawrence. Information regarding Ainsworth's early balances is, of course, quite scarce. A serial number record from #473 to #2027 is known, but it only provides a description; there are no dates. It is possible to date balance serial #1000 at 1898, which would mean that Ainsworth built one thousand balances between 1880 and 1898, or approximately 55 balances a year. Since in 1899 the company built approximately 100 balances, 55 a year does not seem unlikely. One of Ainsworth's outstanding contributions to the industry was his development of shortening the balance beam, which effectively quickened the assaying process. The firm of William Ainsworth Balance Company started in 1880 even though he continued with his watch repair and time lock service. Ainsworth balances were almost immediately preferred by the local assayers. In spite of this acceptance, however, the problem of building sufficient volume to support a family with this infant industry was a tough one and Ainsworth found it necessary to hire out his services to keep the business going. It may be this situation that caused him to be listed as a watch maker and machinist rather than a balance maker. William Ainsworth provided the experience and perhaps the motivation for a number of prospective balance manufacturers. Of the five prominent western balance companies, all but one of the owners had at least some part of their training with William Ainsworth. They were Elmer Smith and Fred Thompson who would establish Smith & Thompson Balance Company (later to become the Thompson Balance Company), Albert Dahlberg and Hugo Franow who would establish the Denver Balance Company, and George Keller who would establish the Keller Balance Company in Salt Lake City. The latter gave some training and opportunity to George Spiegel and Wilfred Huesser in their balance making endeavors. The Ainsworth Balance Company continued to prosper and around 1895, Mr. D. W. Brunton brought his newly patented Brunton Pocket Transit to William Ainsworth to manufacture. The first lot consisted of twenty-five instruments, and thus began the Brunton Pocket Transit business, which was to serve the company well into the 20th century. Around 1899, William's two sons joined him and the company became known as Ainsworth and Sons. Robert G. Ainsworth was born in Pennsylvania on January 1, 1878 and Alfred W. Ainsworth on October 30, 1884. Both got their early training in the Ainsworth factory and it was a natural course of events that led them to join the firm in 1899. The success of the Brunton Pocket Transit may have contributed to the decision of Ainsworth and Sons Company to build and market surveying instruments. In any event, the work was started on surveying instruments around 1904, but the first transits were not marketed until 1906. This continued until 1940, when the transit business was sold to Harry Glantz, who had been an instrument maker for Ainsworth. After that purchase, the transit business that had operated under the Ainsworth name became known as Rocky Mountain Instrument Company. Sometime around 1910, Ainsworth & Sons began a major shift from manufacturing assay balances to manufacturing analytical balances. William Ainsworth died January 1, 1917, leaving the management of the company in the hands of his two sons and his wife, Elma E. Ainsworth. From shortly before WW I until the 1930s the company went through a period of wide diversification. These included manufacture of a Dodge automobile transmission, spotlights, tire gauges, automobile signaling devices, perfume atomizers, toilet flush valves, moving picture machines, smoking pipes, furnace grates, valve-facing tools for automobiles, seismographs, mining carbide lamps, gunsights, and radio parts. Ainsworth and Sons were the sole manufacturers of the hard to find Arnold Carbide Candle (shown in my carbide hand lamp pics) patented by Ralph R. Arnold of Cripple Creek, CO in 1912. By 1934 the idea of wooden cased balances was abandoned and the Company began producing balances in metal cases. The Ainsworth and Sons Company was purchased in 1965 by Xavier Science Corporation, and in 1967 the plant was moved to the Denver Tech Center. During this time, ownership of the company went through several hands, including Tastee-Freeze Industries, Inc. of Chicago. More recently, the rights to the Ainsworth name have been purchased by the Denver Instrument Company of Denver. See John and Geraldine Shannon, The Assay Balance Its Evolution and the Histories of the Companies That Made Them, 1999 and John Shannon, Mining Artifact Collector #2, pp 30-31] The following short history of the New Jersey Zinc Company is a sad testament to the mining history of the US. The New Jersey Zinc Company was for many years the largest producer of zinc and zinc products in the United States. The company had its origins in northwestern New Jersey in 1848 when two companies were created to exploit the iron and zinc deposits at Franklin and Sterling Hill in Sussex County, New Jersey. The Sussex Zinc and Copper Mining and Manufacturing Corporation was incorporated in 1848 for the purpose of mining zinc, and the New Jersey Exploration and Mining Company was incorporated in 1849 for the purpose of mining iron. The founding partners were the same for both companies, and in 1852 the companies merged to form the New Jersey Zinc Corporation. The company adopted the horsehead, one of the state symbols of New Jersey, as its logo. Because of ambiguous deeds, overlapping claims, and misunderstanding over the nature of the ores at Franklin and Sterling Hill, mining companies in the district were in constant litigation. From 1868 to 1880, the New Jersey Zinc Company fought a legal battle with Moses Taylor's Franklin Iron Company, a dispute that was finally resolved in 1880 by merging the two companies into the New Jersey Zinc and Iron Company. In 1897, the remaining Franklin District companies were consolidated under the umbrella of the New Jersey Zinc Company, led by Stephen S. Palmer. The Palmer family controlled the company for 46 years until the death of Stephen's son Edgar in 1943, when the estate of Edgar Palmer was forced to sell its controlling interest in order to pay inheritance taxes. In 1966, the company agreed to merge with Gulf and Western Industries and become a subsidiary of that great conglomerate. The passage of environmental protection laws in the 1970's turned New Jersey Zinc's legacy of environmental pollution into a liability. In 1981, former officials of Gulf and Western's Natural Resources Division led a buyout of New Jersey Zinc and made it a subsidiary of Horsehead Industries, Inc, a reference to the company's logo adopted in 1852. Saddled with environmental cleanup liabilities, and struggling with cash flow due to record low prices in the early 2000's, Horsehead Industries filed for bankruptcy in 2002. slides/Ainsworth Assay Balance.JPG slides/Ainsworth Assay Balance Workings.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 AINSWORTH ASSAY BALANCE - Wm. Ainsworth assay button balance, serial #643, made about 1892, case is French polished mahogany from Gold Coast of Africa with two front drawers with ivory pulls, all brass hardware, button pans are German silver, counter balance sliding door with original lock and key, measures 20 in. wide, 10 in. deep and 16 in. high, 8 in. beam, marked Wm. AINSWORTH MAKER; 643; DENVER, COLO with two bubble levels, early balance made by Ainsworth prior to company name change to Ainsworth and Sons in 1899, unknown model number since it was made before first Ainsworth catalog in 1895, appears to be early version of No. 045 Silver Button Balance advertised in 1903 Henry Heil Chemical Company St. Louis, Mo. catalog (item #2601/20). [While several types of balances were used in the fire-assaying process (see pulp balances elsewhere in my pics), the assay or button balance (terms are synonymous) is unique. Its only purpose was to weigh the button or small pellet of gold or silver which was the final result of the assaying process. The assay balance was designed to be very accurate with sensitivities of 0.01 to 0.02 milligrams. Although the internal workings of an assay balance and a pulp or analytical balance are different, the easiest way to tell them apart is the size of the pans. Assay balance pans vary from 1/4 to 5/8 in. in diameter while the pulp balance has 2 in. diameter pans or larger. The history of assay balance manufacturing in the western US begins with William Ainsworth, America’s premiere assay balance and analytical balance maker. Ainsworth was born January 22, 1850 in Lancashire, England. He, his mother and a sister Anne Elizabeth (born May 1842) came to America in 1853. In his teens, he obtained a job in the Elgin watch factory at Elgin, Illinois where his duties consisted of selecting, testing, installing and manipulating the hair springs of the watches, a very delicate and tedious job. He later worked for the Union Copper Distilling Company of Calumet in Cook County, Illinois where he was employed as a steam engineer and eventually Chief Engineer. In 1874, he moved to Black River Falls, Wisconsin, where he worked for J. W. Cole and Company as a watch maker. There he met and married Elma E. Eastman. It is evident through his work experiences that Ainsworth learned to be top-notch toolmaker and mechanical engineer. In 1875, the young couple moved west, traveled through Denver and settled in Central City, Colorado, where he turned to his watch making trade to earn a living, working for various jewelers there. This work led Ainsworth into contact with a variety of people, mostly miners and assayers, and it is believed that these associations eventually led him into the balance business. To help the assayers, he began repairing assay balances and in time learned the "secrets of the trade." In 1877 the Ainsworths moved to Denver. Although his primary sources of income were watch making, machining and time lock repairing for banks, he continued to develop his balance trade on the side. The Denver City Directory of 1879 lists William Ainsworth as a watch maker for A. B. Ingols Jewelry and in 1880 and 1881 he is listed as an owner in the Swain & Ainsworth Machine Shop on 474 Larimer Street. It was in 1879 while serving as a watch maker for A. B. Ingols that Ainsworth probably made his first balance. He began by buying a small hand planer and on this planer he machined the bed of a small engine lathe. He built the lathe in its entirety and then began the slow process of making his own taps and dies. He established his own standards of sizes and thread forms. It is also believed that he then constructed a milling machine. The first balance parts were turned out on the small lathe and miller with a great deal of hand work. The brass beams were laid out and sawed with a jeweler's saw and the balance cases were made of high grade African mahogany with a French polish finish. In 1882 Ainsworth had his watch making and balance shop at 248 16th Street and several years later he located his shop at 577 and 579 Lawrence St. This address eventually became his factory and home for many years. In 1887 a street re-numbering occurred and, although the factory and home remained in the same building at the same location, the address became 2151 Lawrence. Information regarding Ainsworth's early balances is, of course, quite scarce. A serial number record from #473 to #2027 is known, but it only provides a description; there are no dates. It is possible to date balance serial #1000 at 1898, which would mean that Ainsworth built one thousand balances between 1880 and 1898, or approximately 55 balances a year. Since in 1899 the company built approximately 100 balances, 55 a year does not seem unlikely. One of Ainsworth's outstanding contributions to the industry was his development of shortening the balance beam, which effectively quickened the assaying process. The firm of William Ainsworth Balance Company started in 1880 even though he continued with his watch repair and time lock service. Ainsworth balances were almost immediately preferred by the local assayers. In spite of this acceptance, however, the problem of building sufficient volume to support a family with this infant industry was a tough one and Ainsworth found it necessary to hire out his services to keep the business going. It may be this situation that caused him to be listed as a watch maker and machinist rather than a balance maker. William Ainsworth provided the experience and perhaps the motivation for a number of prospective balance manufacturers. Of the five prominent western balance companies, all but one of the owners had at least some part of their training with William Ainsworth. They were Elmer Smith and Fred Thompson who would establish Smith & Thompson Balance Company (later to become the Thompson Balance Company), Albert Dahlberg and Hugo Franow who would establish the Denver Balance Company, and George Keller who would establish the Keller Balance Company in Salt Lake City. The latter gave some training and opportunity to George Spiegel and Wilfred Huesser in their balance making endeavors. The Ainsworth Balance Company continued to prosper and around 1895, Mr. D. W. Brunton brought his newly patented Brunton Pocket Transit to William Ainsworth to manufacture. The first lot consisted of twenty-five instruments, and thus began the Brunton Pocket Transit business, which was to serve the company well into the 20th century. Around 1899, William's two sons joined him and the company became known as Ainsworth and Sons. Robert G. Ainsworth was born in Pennsylvania on January 1, 1878 and Alfred W. Ainsworth on October 30, 1884. Both got their early training in the Ainsworth factory and it was a natural course of events that led them to join the firm in 1899. The success of the Brunton Pocket Transit may have contributed to the decision of Ainsworth and Sons Company to build and market surveying instruments. In any event, the work was started on surveying instruments around 1904, but the first transits were not marketed until 1906. This continued until 1940, when the transit business was sold to Harry Glantz, who had been an instrument maker for Ainsworth. After that purchase, the transit business that had operated under the Ainsworth name became known as Rocky Mountain Instrument Company. Sometime around 1910, Ainsworth & Sons began a major shift from manufacturing assay balances to manufacturing analytical balances. William Ainsworth died January 1, 1917, leaving the management of the company in the hands of his two sons and his wife, Elma E. Ainsworth. From shortly before WW I until the 1930s the company went through a period of wide diversification. These included manufacture of a Dodge automobile transmission, spotlights, tire gauges, automobile signaling devices, perfume atomizers, toilet flush valves, moving picture machines, smoking pipes, furnace grates, valve-facing tools for automobiles, seismographs, mining carbide lamps, gunsights, and radio parts. Ainsworth and Sons were the sole manufacturers of the hard to find Arnold Carbide Candle (shown in my carbide hand lamp pics) patented by Ralph R. Arnold of Cripple Creek, CO in 1912. By 1934 the idea of wooden cased balances was abandoned and the Company began producing balances in metal cases. The Ainsworth and Sons Company was purchased in 1965 by Xavier Science Corporation, and in 1967 the plant was moved to the Denver Tech Center. During this time, ownership of the company went through several hands, including Tastee-Freeze Industries, Inc. of Chicago. More recently, the rights to the Ainsworth name have been purchased by the Denver Instrument Company of Denver. See John and Geraldine Shannon, The Assay Balance Its Evolution and the Histories of the Companies That Made Them, 1999 and John Shannon, Mining Artifact Collector #2, pp 30-31] AINSWORTH ASSAY BALANCE - Wm. Ainsworth assay button balance, serial #643, made about 1892, case is French polished mahogany from Gold Coast of Africa with two front drawers with ivory pulls, all brass hardware, button pans are German silver, counter balance sliding door with original lock and key, measures 20 in. wide, 10 in. deep and 16 in. high, 8 in. beam, marked Wm. AINSWORTH MAKER; 643; DENVER, COLO with two bubble levels, early balance made by Ainsworth prior to company name change to Ainsworth and Sons in 1899, unknown model number since it was made before first Ainsworth catalog in 1895, appears to be early version of No. 045 Silver Button Balance advertised in 1903 Henry Heil Chemical Company St. Louis, Mo. catalog (item #2601/20). [While several types of balances were used in the fire-assaying process (see pulp balances elsewhere in my pics), the assay or button balance (terms are synonymous) is unique. Its only purpose was to weigh the button or small pellet of gold or silver which was the final result of the assaying process. The assay balance was designed to be very accurate with sensitivities of 0.01 to 0.02 milligrams. Although the internal workings of an assay balance and a pulp or analytical balance are different, the easiest way to tell them apart is the size of the pans. Assay balance pans vary from 1/4 to 5/8 in. in diameter while the pulp balance has 2 in. diameter pans or larger. The history of assay balance manufacturing in the western US begins with William Ainsworth, America’s premiere assay balance and analytical balance maker. Ainsworth was born January 22, 1850 in Lancashire, England. He, his mother and a sister Anne Elizabeth (born May 1842) came to America in 1853. In his teens, he obtained a job in the Elgin watch factory at Elgin, Illinois where his duties consisted of selecting, testing, installing and manipulating the hair springs of the watches, a very delicate and tedious job. He later worked for the Union Copper Distilling Company of Calumet in Cook County, Illinois where he was employed as a steam engineer and eventually Chief Engineer. In 1874, he moved to Black River Falls, Wisconsin, where he worked for J. W. Cole and Company as a watch maker. There he met and married Elma E. Eastman. It is evident through his work experiences that Ainsworth learned to be top-notch toolmaker and mechanical engineer. In 1875, the young couple moved west, traveled through Denver and settled in Central City, Colorado, where he turned to his watch making trade to earn a living, working for various jewelers there. This work led Ainsworth into contact with a variety of people, mostly miners and assayers, and it is believed that these associations eventually led him into the balance business. To help the assayers, he began repairing assay balances and in time learned the "secrets of the trade." In 1877 the Ainsworths moved to Denver. Although his primary sources of income were watch making, machining and time lock repairing for banks, he continued to develop his balance trade on the side. The Denver City Directory of 1879 lists William Ainsworth as a watch maker for A. B. Ingols Jewelry and in 1880 and 1881 he is listed as an owner in the Swain & Ainsworth Machine Shop on 474 Larimer Street. It was in 1879 while serving as a watch maker for A. B. Ingols that Ainsworth probably made his first balance. He began by buying a small hand planer and on this planer he machined the bed of a small engine lathe. He built the lathe in its entirety and then began the slow process of making his own taps and dies. He established his own standards of sizes and thread forms. It is also believed that he then constructed a milling machine. The first balance parts were turned out on the small lathe and miller with a great deal of hand work. The brass beams were laid out and sawed with a jeweler's saw and the balance cases were made of high grade African mahogany with a French polish finish. In 1882 Ainsworth had his watch making and balance shop at 248 16th Street and several years later he located his shop at 577 and 579 Lawrence St. This address eventually became his factory and home for many years. In 1887 a street re-numbering occurred and, although the factory and home remained in the same building at the same location, the address became 2151 Lawrence. Information regarding Ainsworth's early balances is, of course, quite scarce. A serial number record from #473 to #2027 is known, but it only provides a description; there are no dates. It is possible to date balance serial #1000 at 1898, which would mean that Ainsworth built one thousand balances between 1880 and 1898, or approximately 55 balances a year. Since in 1899 the company built approximately 100 balances, 55 a year does not seem unlikely. One of Ainsworth's outstanding contributions to the industry was his development of shortening the balance beam, which effectively quickened the assaying process. The firm of William Ainsworth Balance Company started in 1880 even though he continued with his watch repair and time lock service. Ainsworth balances were almost immediately preferred by the local assayers. In spite of this acceptance, however, the problem of building sufficient volume to support a family with this infant industry was a tough one and Ainsworth found it necessary to hire out his services to keep the business going. It may be this situation that caused him to be listed as a watch maker and machinist rather than a balance maker. William Ainsworth provided the experience and perhaps the motivation for a number of prospective balance manufacturers. Of the five prominent western balance companies, all but one of the owners had at least some part of their training with William Ainsworth. They were Elmer Smith and Fred Thompson who would establish Smith & Thompson Balance Company (later to become the Thompson Balance Company), Albert Dahlberg and Hugo Franow who would establish the Denver Balance Company, and George Keller who would establish the Keller Balance Company in Salt Lake City. The latter gave some training and opportunity to George Spiegel and Wilfred Huesser in their balance making endeavors. The Ainsworth Balance Company continued to prosper and around 1895, Mr. D. W. Brunton brought his newly patented Brunton Pocket Transit to William Ainsworth to manufacture. The first lot consisted of twenty-five instruments, and thus began the Brunton Pocket Transit business, which was to serve the company well into the 20th century. Around 1899, William's two sons joined him and the company became known as Ainsworth and Sons. Robert G. Ainsworth was born in Pennsylvania on January 1, 1878 and Alfred W. Ainsworth on October 30, 1884. Both got their early training in the Ainsworth factory and it was a natural course of events that led them to join the firm in 1899. The success of the Brunton Pocket Transit may have contributed to the decision of Ainsworth and Sons Company to build and market surveying instruments. In any event, the work was started on surveying instruments around 1904, but the first transits were not marketed until 1906. This continued until 1940, when the transit business was sold to Harry Glantz, who had been an instrument maker for Ainsworth. After that purchase, the transit business that had operated under the Ainsworth name became known as Rocky Mountain Instrument Company. Sometime around 1910, Ainsworth & Sons began a major shift from manufacturing assay balances to manufacturing analytical balances. William Ainsworth died January 1, 1917, leaving the management of the company in the hands of his two sons and his wife, Elma E. Ainsworth. From shortly before WW I until the 1930s the company went through a period of wide diversification. These included manufacture of a Dodge automobile transmission, spotlights, tire gauges, automobile signaling devices, perfume atomizers, toilet flush valves, moving picture machines, smoking pipes, furnace grates, valve-facing tools for automobiles, seismographs, mining carbide lamps, gunsights, and radio parts. Ainsworth and Sons were the sole manufacturers of the hard to find Arnold Carbide Candle (shown in my carbide hand lamp pics) patented by Ralph R. Arnold of Cripple Creek, CO in 1912. By 1934 the idea of wooden cased balances was abandoned and the Company began producing balances in metal cases. The Ainsworth and Sons Company was purchased in 1965 by Xavier Science Corporation, and in 1967 the plant was moved to the Denver Tech Center. During this time, ownership of the company went through several hands, including Tastee-Freeze Industries, Inc. of Chicago. More recently, the rights to the Ainsworth name have been purchased by the Denver Instrument Company of Denver. See John and Geraldine Shannon, The Assay Balance Its Evolution and the Histories of the Companies That Made Them, 1999 and John Shannon, Mining Artifact Collector #2, pp 30-31] slides/Ainsworth Assay Balance Workings.JPG slides/Ainsworth Assay Balance Marking.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 AINSWORTH ASSAY BALANCE - Wm. Ainsworth assay button balance, serial #643, made about 1892, case is French polished mahogany from Gold Coast of Africa with two front drawers with ivory pulls, all brass hardware, button pans are German silver, counter balance sliding door with original lock and key, measures 20 in. wide, 10 in. deep and 16 in. high, 8 in. beam, marked Wm. AINSWORTH MAKER; 643; DENVER, COLO with two bubble levels, early balance made by Ainsworth prior to company name change to Ainsworth and Sons in 1899, unknown model number since it was made before first Ainsworth catalog in 1895, appears to be early version of No. 045 Silver Button Balance advertised in 1903 Henry Heil Chemical Company St. Louis, Mo. catalog (item #2601/20). [While several types of balances were used in the fire-assaying process (see pulp balances elsewhere in my pics), the assay or button balance (terms are synonymous) is unique. Its only purpose was to weigh the button or small pellet of gold or silver which was the final result of the assaying process. The assay balance was designed to be very accurate with sensitivities of 0.01 to 0.02 milligrams. Although the internal workings of an assay balance and a pulp or analytical balance are different, the easiest way to tell them apart is the size of the pans. Assay balance pans vary from 1/4 to 5/8 in. in diameter while the pulp balance has 2 in. diameter pans or larger. The history of assay balance manufacturing in the western US begins with William Ainsworth, America’s premiere assay balance and analytical balance maker. Ainsworth was born January 22, 1850 in Lancashire, England. He, his mother and a sister Anne Elizabeth (born May 1842) came to America in 1853. In his teens, he obtained a job in the Elgin watch factory at Elgin, Illinois where his duties consisted of selecting, testing, installing and manipulating the hair springs of the watches, a very delicate and tedious job. He later worked for the Union Copper Distilling Company of Calumet in Cook County, Illinois where he was employed as a steam engineer and eventually Chief Engineer. In 1874, he moved to Black River Falls, Wisconsin, where he worked for J. W. Cole and Company as a watch maker. There he met and married Elma E. Eastman. It is evident through his work experiences that Ainsworth learned to be top-notch toolmaker and mechanical engineer. In 1875, the young couple moved west, traveled through Denver and settled in Central City, Colorado, where he turned to his watch making trade to earn a living, working for various jewelers there. This work led Ainsworth into contact with a variety of people, mostly miners and assayers, and it is believed that these associations eventually led him into the balance business. To help the assayers, he began repairing assay balances and in time learned the "secrets of the trade." In 1877 the Ainsworths moved to Denver. Although his primary sources of income were watch making, machining and time lock repairing for banks, he continued to develop his balance trade on the side. The Denver City Directory of 1879 lists William Ainsworth as a watch maker for A. B. Ingols Jewelry and in 1880 and 1881 he is listed as an owner in the Swain & Ainsworth Machine Shop on 474 Larimer Street. It was in 1879 while serving as a watch maker for A. B. Ingols that Ainsworth probably made his first balance. He began by buying a small hand planer and on this planer he machined the bed of a small engine lathe. He built the lathe in its entirety and then began the slow process of making his own taps and dies. He established his own standards of sizes and thread forms. It is also believed that he then constructed a milling machine. The first balance parts were turned out on the small lathe and miller with a great deal of hand work. The brass beams were laid out and sawed with a jeweler's saw and the balance cases were made of high grade African mahogany with a French polish finish. In 1882 Ainsworth had his watch making and balance shop at 248 16th Street and several years later he located his shop at 577 and 579 Lawrence St. This address eventually became his factory and home for many years. In 1887 a street re-numbering occurred and, although the factory and home remained in the same building at the same location, the address became 2151 Lawrence. Information regarding Ainsworth's early balances is, of course, quite scarce. A serial number record from #473 to #2027 is known, but it only provides a description; there are no dates. It is possible to date balance serial #1000 at 1898, which would mean that Ainsworth built one thousand balances between 1880 and 1898, or approximately 55 balances a year. Since in 1899 the company built approximately 100 balances, 55 a year does not seem unlikely. One of Ainsworth's outstanding contributions to the industry was his development of shortening the balance beam, which effectively quickened the assaying process. The firm of William Ainsworth Balance Company started in 1880 even though he continued with his watch repair and time lock service. Ainsworth balances were almost immediately preferred by the local assayers. In spite of this acceptance, however, the problem of building sufficient volume to support a family with this infant industry was a tough one and Ainsworth found it necessary to hire out his services to keep the business going. It may be this situation that caused him to be listed as a watch maker and machinist rather than a balance maker. William Ainsworth provided the experience and perhaps the motivation for a number of prospective balance manufacturers. Of the five prominent western balance companies, all but one of the owners had at least some part of their training with William Ainsworth. They were Elmer Smith and Fred Thompson who would establish Smith & Thompson Balance Company (later to become the Thompson Balance Company), Albert Dahlberg and Hugo Franow who would establish the Denver Balance Company, and George Keller who would establish the Keller Balance Company in Salt Lake City. The latter gave some training and opportunity to George Spiegel and Wilfred Huesser in their balance making endeavors. The Ainsworth Balance Company continued to prosper and around 1895, Mr. D. W. Brunton brought his newly patented Brunton Pocket Transit to William Ainsworth to manufacture. The first lot consisted of twenty-five instruments, and thus began the Brunton Pocket Transit business, which was to serve the company well into the 20th century. Around 1899, William's two sons joined him and the company became known as Ainsworth and Sons. Robert G. Ainsworth was born in Pennsylvania on January 1, 1878 and Alfred W. Ainsworth on October 30, 1884. Both got their early training in the Ainsworth factory and it was a natural course of events that led them to join the firm in 1899. The success of the Brunton Pocket Transit may have contributed to the decision of Ainsworth and Sons Company to build and market surveying instruments. In any event, the work was started on surveying instruments around 1904, but the first transits were not marketed until 1906. This continued until 1940, when the transit business was sold to Harry Glantz, who had been an instrument maker for Ainsworth. After that purchase, the transit business that had operated under the Ainsworth name became known as Rocky Mountain Instrument Company. Sometime around 1910, Ainsworth & Sons began a major shift from manufacturing assay balances to manufacturing analytical balances. William Ainsworth died January 1, 1917, leaving the management of the company in the hands of his two sons and his wife, Elma E. Ainsworth. From shortly before WW I until the 1930s the company went through a period of wide diversification. These included manufacture of a Dodge automobile transmission, spotlights, tire gauges, automobile signaling devices, perfume atomizers, toilet flush valves, moving picture machines, smoking pipes, furnace grates, valve-facing tools for automobiles, seismographs, mining carbide lamps, gunsights, and radio parts. Ainsworth and Sons were the sole manufacturers of the hard to find Arnold Carbide Candle (shown in my carbide hand lamp pics) patented by Ralph R. Arnold of Cripple Creek, CO in 1912. By 1934 the idea of wooden cased balances was abandoned and the Company began producing balances in metal cases. The Ainsworth and Sons Company was purchased in 1965 by Xavier Science Corporation, and in 1967 the plant was moved to the Denver Tech Center. During this time, ownership of the company went through several hands, including Tastee-Freeze Industries, Inc. of Chicago. More recently, the rights to the Ainsworth name have been purchased by the Denver Instrument Company of Denver. See John and Geraldine Shannon, The Assay Balance Its Evolution and the Histories of the Companies That Made Them, 1999 and John Shannon, Mining Artifact Collector #2, pp 30-31] AINSWORTH ASSAY BALANCE - Wm. Ainsworth assay button balance, serial #643, made about 1892, case is French polished mahogany from Gold Coast of Africa with two front drawers with ivory pulls, all brass hardware, button pans are German silver, counter balance sliding door with original lock and key, measures 20 in. wide, 10 in. deep and 16 in. high, 8 in. beam, marked Wm. AINSWORTH MAKER; 643; DENVER, COLO with two bubble levels, early balance made by Ainsworth prior to company name change to Ainsworth and Sons in 1899, unknown model number since it was made before first Ainsworth catalog in 1895, appears to be early version of No. 045 Silver Button Balance advertised in 1903 Henry Heil Chemical Company St. Louis, Mo. catalog (item #2601/20). [While several types of balances were used in the fire-assaying process (see pulp balances elsewhere in my pics), the assay or button balance (terms are synonymous) is unique. Its only purpose was to weigh the button or small pellet of gold or silver which was the final result of the assaying process. The assay balance was designed to be very accurate with sensitivities of 0.01 to 0.02 milligrams. Although the internal workings of an assay balance and a pulp or analytical balance are different, the easiest way to tell them apart is the size of the pans. Assay balance pans vary from 1/4 to 5/8 in. in diameter while the pulp balance has 2 in. diameter pans or larger. The history of assay balance manufacturing in the western US begins with William Ainsworth, America’s premiere assay balance and analytical balance maker. Ainsworth was born January 22, 1850 in Lancashire, England. He, his mother and a sister Anne Elizabeth (born May 1842) came to America in 1853. In his teens, he obtained a job in the Elgin watch factory at Elgin, Illinois where his duties consisted of selecting, testing, installing and manipulating the hair springs of the watches, a very delicate and tedious job. He later worked for the Union Copper Distilling Company of Calumet in Cook County, Illinois where he was employed as a steam engineer and eventually Chief Engineer. In 1874, he moved to Black River Falls, Wisconsin, where he worked for J. W. Cole and Company as a watch maker. There he met and married Elma E. Eastman. It is evident through his work experiences that Ainsworth learned to be top-notch toolmaker and mechanical engineer. In 1875, the young couple moved west, traveled through Denver and settled in Central City, Colorado, where he turned to his watch making trade to earn a living, working for various jewelers there. This work led Ainsworth into contact with a variety of people, mostly miners and assayers, and it is believed that these associations eventually led him into the balance business. To help the assayers, he began repairing assay balances and in time learned the "secrets of the trade." In 1877 the Ainsworths moved to Denver. Although his primary sources of income were watch making, machining and time lock repairing for banks, he continued to develop his balance trade on the side. The Denver City Directory of 1879 lists William Ainsworth as a watch maker for A. B. Ingols Jewelry and in 1880 and 1881 he is listed as an owner in the Swain & Ainsworth Machine Shop on 474 Larimer Street. It was in 1879 while serving as a watch maker for A. B. Ingols that Ainsworth probably made his first balance. He began by buying a small hand planer and on this planer he machined the bed of a small engine lathe. He built the lathe in its entirety and then began the slow process of making his own taps and dies. He established his own standards of sizes and thread forms. It is also believed that he then constructed a milling machine. The first balance parts were turned out on the small lathe and miller with a great deal of hand work. The brass beams were laid out and sawed with a jeweler's saw and the balance cases were made of high grade African mahogany with a French polish finish. In 1882 Ainsworth had his watch making and balance shop at 248 16th Street and several years later he located his shop at 577 and 579 Lawrence St. This address eventually became his factory and home for many years. In 1887 a street re-numbering occurred and, although the factory and home remained in the same building at the same location, the address became 2151 Lawrence. Information regarding Ainsworth's early balances is, of course, quite scarce. A serial number record from #473 to #2027 is known, but it only provides a description; there are no dates. It is possible to date balance serial #1000 at 1898, which would mean that Ainsworth built one thousand balances between 1880 and 1898, or approximately 55 balances a year. Since in 1899 the company built approximately 100 balances, 55 a year does not seem unlikely. One of Ainsworth's outstanding contributions to the industry was his development of shortening the balance beam, which effectively quickened the assaying process. The firm of William Ainsworth Balance Company started in 1880 even though he continued with his watch repair and time lock service. Ainsworth balances were almost immediately preferred by the local assayers. In spite of this acceptance, however, the problem of building sufficient volume to support a family with this infant industry was a tough one and Ainsworth found it necessary to hire out his services to keep the business going. It may be this situation that caused him to be listed as a watch maker and machinist rather than a balance maker. William Ainsworth provided the experience and perhaps the motivation for a number of prospective balance manufacturers. Of the five prominent western balance companies, all but one of the owners had at least some part of their training with William Ainsworth. They were Elmer Smith and Fred Thompson who would establish Smith & Thompson Balance Company (later to become the Thompson Balance Company), Albert Dahlberg and Hugo Franow who would establish the Denver Balance Company, and George Keller who would establish the Keller Balance Company in Salt Lake City. The latter gave some training and opportunity to George Spiegel and Wilfred Huesser in their balance making endeavors. The Ainsworth Balance Company continued to prosper and around 1895, Mr. D. W. Brunton brought his newly patented Brunton Pocket Transit to William Ainsworth to manufacture. The first lot consisted of twenty-five instruments, and thus began the Brunton Pocket Transit business, which was to serve the company well into the 20th century. Around 1899, William's two sons joined him and the company became known as Ainsworth and Sons. Robert G. Ainsworth was born in Pennsylvania on January 1, 1878 and Alfred W. Ainsworth on October 30, 1884. Both got their early training in the Ainsworth factory and it was a natural course of events that led them to join the firm in 1899. The success of the Brunton Pocket Transit may have contributed to the decision of Ainsworth and Sons Company to build and market surveying instruments. In any event, the work was started on surveying instruments around 1904, but the first transits were not marketed until 1906. This continued until 1940, when the transit business was sold to Harry Glantz, who had been an instrument maker for Ainsworth. After that purchase, the transit business that had operated under the Ainsworth name became known as Rocky Mountain Instrument Company. Sometime around 1910, Ainsworth & Sons began a major shift from manufacturing assay balances to manufacturing analytical balances. William Ainsworth died January 1, 1917, leaving the management of the company in the hands of his two sons and his wife, Elma E. Ainsworth. From shortly before WW I until the 1930s the company went through a period of wide diversification. These included manufacture of a Dodge automobile transmission, spotlights, tire gauges, automobile signaling devices, perfume atomizers, toilet flush valves, moving picture machines, smoking pipes, furnace grates, valve-facing tools for automobiles, seismographs, mining carbide lamps, gunsights, and radio parts. Ainsworth and Sons were the sole manufacturers of the hard to find Arnold Carbide Candle (shown in my carbide hand lamp pics) patented by Ralph R. Arnold of Cripple Creek, CO in 1912. By 1934 the idea of wooden cased balances was abandoned and the Company began producing balances in metal cases. The Ainsworth and Sons Company was purchased in 1965 by Xavier Science Corporation, and in 1967 the plant was moved to the Denver Tech Center. During this time, ownership of the company went through several hands, including Tastee-Freeze Industries, Inc. of Chicago. More recently, the rights to the Ainsworth name have been purchased by the Denver Instrument Company of Denver. See John and Geraldine Shannon, The Assay Balance Its Evolution and the Histories of the Companies That Made Them, 1999 and John Shannon, Mining Artifact Collector #2, pp 30-31] slides/Ainsworth Assay Balance Marking.JPG slides/Steinfeld Tag.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 ALBERT STEINFELD EQUIPMENT TAG - Original brass tag, 5 3/4 in. x 1 1/2 in., marked ALBERT STEINFELD & CO. AGENTS MINE & MILL SUPPLIES TUCSON, ARIZONA, brass letters on black background (Albert Steinfeld was identified in the October 27, 1929 edition of the Tucson Daily Citizen as Tucson’s “merchant prince.” The newspaper article goes on to note that Albert Steinfeld, founder of the great business establishment that bears his name, and for many years president of the Consolidated National Bank, had unquestionably achieved more than any other individual in Tucson's commercial development. Albert Steinfeld was a native of Germany, having been born in Hanover, December 23, 1854. His education and training were obtained chiefly in the United States, however, as the family emigrated to New York City in 1863. He received his education in the public schools and was later employed for two years by a large dry-goods firm. He then came west and located in Denver, where he was employed for a time in the store of an uncle. In 1872, he came to Tucson to enter the employ of other uncles, Louis and William Zeckendorf, who ran a mercantile establishment under the name of L. Zeckendorf and Company founded earlier in 1866. Six years later, he was made managing partner. Under his direction, the company had grown into the largest mercantile establishment in Arizona and a prominent factor in mining, financing commercial enterprise, as well as numerous livestock and agricultural projects. As copper mining became a growing industry during the last quarter of the nineteenth century, the Zeckendorf brothers and Albert Steinfeld invested in and helped develop some of Arizona's most important operations, including the Copper Queen, the Ray, and the Omega mines. However, a disagreement between Steinfeld and Zeckendorf over the operation and eventual sale of the Silver Bell Copper Company mines forty-five miles northwest of Tucson threatened the future of the business. Over the course of a decade, it escalated to the point where it destroyed the business partnership of nephew and uncle, and poisoned their family relationship for generations. In 1904 Steinfeld purchased the interests of his uncle, Louis Zeckendorf, and took control of L. Zeckendorf & Company, Tucson's oldest and finest department store. He renamed the business Albert Steinfeld & Company that same year. He managed the expansion and operation of the company until his death in Tucson, on February 8, 1935, at the age of eighty-one. The company continued under different management until it finally closed its doors in 1985.) ALBERT STEINFELD EQUIPMENT TAG - Original brass tag, 5 3/4 in. x 1 1/2 in., marked ALBERT STEINFELD & CO. AGENTS MINE & MILL SUPPLIES TUCSON, ARIZONA, brass letters on black background (Albert Steinfeld was identified in the October 27, 1929 edition of the Tucson Daily Citizen as Tucson’s “merchant prince.” The newspaper article goes on to note that Albert Steinfeld, founder of the great business establishment that bears his name, and for many years president of the Consolidated National Bank, had unquestionably achieved more than any other individual in Tucson's commercial development. Albert Steinfeld was a native of Germany, having been born in Hanover, December 23, 1854. His education and training were obtained chiefly in the United States, however, as the family emigrated to New York City in 1863. He received his education in the public schools and was later employed for two years by a large dry-goods firm. He then came west and located in Denver, where he was employed for a time in the store of an uncle. In 1872, he came to Tucson to enter the employ of other uncles, Louis and William Zeckendorf, who ran a mercantile establishment under the name of L. Zeckendorf and Company founded earlier in 1866. Six years later, he was made managing partner. Under his direction, the company had grown into the largest mercantile establishment in Arizona and a prominent factor in mining, financing commercial enterprise, as well as numerous livestock and agricultural projects. As copper mining became a growing industry during the last quarter of the nineteenth century, the Zeckendorf brothers and Albert Steinfeld invested in and helped develop some of Arizona's most important operations, including the Copper Queen, the Ray, and the Omega mines. However, a disagreement between Steinfeld and Zeckendorf over the operation and eventual sale of the Silver Bell Copper Company mines forty-five miles northwest of Tucson threatened the future of the business. Over the course of a decade, it escalated to the point where it destroyed the business partnership of nephew and uncle, and poisoned their family relationship for generations. In 1904 Steinfeld purchased the interests of his uncle, Louis Zeckendorf, and took control of L. Zeckendorf & Company, Tucson's oldest and finest department store. He renamed the business Albert Steinfeld & Company that same year. He managed the expansion and operation of the company until his death in Tucson, on February 8, 1935, at the age of eighty-one. The company continued under different management until it finally closed its doors in 1985.) slides/Steinfeld Tag.jpg slides/Angels Mining Corporate Seal.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 ANGELS GOLD MINING COMPANY EMBOSSER - The Angels Gold Mining Co. Inc. embosser, dated Aug. 9, 1901, California, company active in lode mining in Angels Camp, CA ANGELS GOLD MINING COMPANY EMBOSSER - The Angels Gold Mining Co. Inc. embosser, dated Aug. 9, 1901, California, company active in lode mining in Angels Camp, CA slides/Angels Mining Corporate Seal.JPG slides/Argonaut Mine Bell Sign pic1.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 ARGONAUT MINING COMPANY BELL SIGN - Rare original ca.1920s cloth bell sign for the Argonaut Mining Co., Jackson, CA, with wood glassed frame and water hood, sign 35 3/8 in. tall and 13 3/8 in. wide without frame, with well-known mining supply firm E.D. Bullard, San Francisco, CA marking [see more about Bullard below], acquired from Ted Bobrink (Bell signals have been in use for communication in shaft mining since the mid-1800s. Any mine worked from a vertical or inclined shaft used bell signals to provide a means to communicate with the hoist engineer on top. Bell signals were used to lift or lower miners, lift ore, and move material to and from the surface. The earliest bell signal signs were wood but they deteriorated quickly, especially in wet mines. Later, porcelanized steel and painted tin signs came into use followed by cloth in the 1920s and then paper. Each state had its own signal rules, adding to the confusion, and some rules were specific to individual mines. Each mine was equipped with one bell sign at each level and one at the headframe. As mines became worked out, the bell signs were lost to the elements and/or flood waters and have become scarce to the collecting community and highly prized. The sign shown here is a rare example of a surviving cloth sign with the name of a specific mine on it. The Argonaut mine at Jackson, CA is one of the most famous mines of the California Mother Load, being discovered in 1850 by two miners, James Hager and William Tudor. Serious development started in 1893 when it was purchased by the Argonaut Mining Company. It operated until 1942, reaching a vertical depth of 5,570 ft. via a 63 degree shaft and produced more than $25 million in gold. The Argonaut along with the nearby Kennedy mine are registered as California Historical Landmark #786. The Argonaut mine is also infamous for being the site of one of the worst mining disasters in California history. On August 27, 1922, 47 miners mostly immigrants from Italy, Spain and Serbia were trapped 4,650 feet below ground by a fire. It took 2 ½ days to extinguish the fire and nearly 3 weeks to get to where the miners were trapped. None survived. The cause of the fire was never determined. The mine disaster is detailed in the book 47 Down: The 1922 Argonaut Gold Mine Disaster by O. Henry Mace. See also Bobrink, Mining Artifact Collector #1, p 25) [More about E. D. Bullard... Founded in 1898, E.D. Bullard Company continues as a leading manufacturer of high quality personal protective equipment and systems that are marketed worldwide. Product lines include thermal imagers, hard hats, firefighter and rescue helmets, supplied air respirators, powered air-purifying respirators, and air quality equipment. Bullard is now a fourth generation family-owned enterprise. The company, headquartered in Cynthiana, Kentucky, is led by President and CEO Richard C. Miller. Bullard traces its heritage back to 1898. Founded in San Francisco by Edward Dickinson Bullard, the company originally supplied carbide lamps and other mining equipment to gold and copper miners in California, Nevada, Arizona and across the western U. S. Most collectors of mining artifacts are familiar with the Bullard name on catalogs, lamp brochures (some shown on my website), and advertisements. When his son, E.W. Bullard, returned from World War I, he used his experience with his doughboy army helmet to design a protective headgear for miners. This “hard boiled” hat, introduced in 1919, represented the first of many innovative designs that have led Bullard to its prominent position in head protection for industrial and emergency response applications. During the 1930s, while the Golden Gate Bridge was being constructed in San Francisco, Bridge engineer Joseph B. Strauss contacted Bullard to request that the company adapt its hats to protect bridge workers. Bullard not only supplied hard hats for this famous project, but its engineers also designed an original supplied air respirator for workers responsible for blasting the steelwork prior to the application of the Bridge’s International Orange paint. Bullard went on to design innovative supplied-air respiratory protection solutions for such key industries as pharmaceutical manufacturing and automotive refinishing. Following the development of the hard hat, Bullard engineers designed the Company’s first fire helmet in 1930. The company quickly became a technology leader in this industry, developing and introducing the first fiberglass fire helmet in 1947, the first NFPA-approved thermoplastic fire helmet in 1983, and the first ratchet headband used in a fire helmet in 1986. Beginning in 1972, the Company moved its production facilities from Sausalito, California, to Cynthiana, Kentucky where it continues to mine gold from a whole different industry.] ARGONAUT MINING COMPANY BELL SIGN - Rare original ca.1920s cloth bell sign for the Argonaut Mining Co., Jackson, CA, with wood glassed frame and water hood, sign 35 3/8 in. tall and 13 3/8 in. wide without frame, with well-known mining supply firm E.D. Bullard, San Francisco, CA marking [see more about Bullard below], acquired from Ted Bobrink (Bell signals have been in use for communication in shaft mining since the mid-1800s. Any mine worked from a vertical or inclined shaft used bell signals to provide a means to communicate with the hoist engineer on top. Bell signals were used to lift or lower miners, lift ore, and move material to and from the surface. The earliest bell signal signs were wood but they deteriorated quickly, especially in wet mines. Later, porcelanized steel and painted tin signs came into use followed by cloth in the 1920s and then paper. Each state had its own signal rules, adding to the confusion, and some rules were specific to individual mines. Each mine was equipped with one bell sign at each level and one at the headframe. As mines became worked out, the bell signs were lost to the elements and/or flood waters and have become scarce to the collecting community and highly prized. The sign shown here is a rare example of a surviving cloth sign with the name of a specific mine on it. The Argonaut mine at Jackson, CA is one of the most famous mines of the California Mother Load, being discovered in 1850 by two miners, James Hager and William Tudor. Serious development started in 1893 when it was purchased by the Argonaut Mining Company. It operated until 1942, reaching a vertical depth of 5,570 ft. via a 63 degree shaft and produced more than $25 million in gold. The Argonaut along with the nearby Kennedy mine are registered as California Historical Landmark #786. The Argonaut mine is also infamous for being the site of one of the worst mining disasters in California history. On August 27, 1922, 47 miners mostly immigrants from Italy, Spain and Serbia were trapped 4,650 feet below ground by a fire. It took 2 ½ days to extinguish the fire and nearly 3 weeks to get to where the miners were trapped. None survived. The cause of the fire was never determined. The mine disaster is detailed in the book 47 Down: The 1922 Argonaut Gold Mine Disaster by O. Henry Mace. See also Bobrink, Mining Artifact Collector #1, p 25) [More about E. D. Bullard... Founded in 1898, E.D. Bullard Company continues as a leading manufacturer of high quality personal protective equipment and systems that are marketed worldwide. Product lines include thermal imagers, hard hats, firefighter and rescue helmets, supplied air respirators, powered air-purifying respirators, and air quality equipment. Bullard is now a fourth generation family-owned enterprise. The company, headquartered in Cynthiana, Kentucky, is led by President and CEO Richard C. Miller. Bullard traces its heritage back to 1898. Founded in San Francisco by Edward Dickinson Bullard, the company originally supplied carbide lamps and other mining equipment to gold and copper miners in California, Nevada, Arizona and across the western U. S. Most collectors of mining artifacts are familiar with the Bullard name on catalogs, lamp brochures (some shown on my website), and advertisements. When his son, E.W. Bullard, returned from World War I, he used his experience with his doughboy army helmet to design a protective headgear for miners. This “hard boiled” hat, introduced in 1919, represented the first of many innovative designs that have led Bullard to its prominent position in head protection for industrial and emergency response applications. During the 1930s, while the Golden Gate Bridge was being constructed in San Francisco, Bridge engineer Joseph B. Strauss contacted Bullard to request that the company adapt its hats to protect bridge workers. Bullard not only supplied hard hats for this famous project, but its engineers also designed an original supplied air respirator for workers responsible for blasting the steelwork prior to the application of the Bridge’s International Orange paint. Bullard went on to design innovative supplied-air respiratory protection solutions for such key industries as pharmaceutical manufacturing and automotive refinishing. Following the development of the hard hat, Bullard engineers designed the Company’s first fire helmet in 1930. The company quickly became a technology leader in this industry, developing and introducing the first fiberglass fire helmet in 1947, the first NFPA-approved thermoplastic fire helmet in 1983, and the first ratchet headband used in a fire helmet in 1986. Beginning in 1972, the Company moved its production facilities from Sausalito, California, to Cynthiana, Kentucky where it continues to mine gold from a whole different industry.] slides/Argonaut Mine Bell Sign pic1.JPG slides/Argonaut Mine Bell Sign pic2.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 ARGONAUT MINING COMPANY BELL SIGN - Rare original ca.1920s cloth bell sign for the Argonaut Mining Co., Jackson, CA, with wood glassed frame and water hood, sign 35 3/8 in. tall and 13 3/8 in. wide without frame, with well-known mining supply firm E.D. Bullard, San Francisco, CA marking [see more about Bullard below], acquired from Ted Bobrink (Bell signals have been in use for communication in shaft mining since the mid-1800s. Any mine worked from a vertical or inclined shaft used bell signals to provide a means to communicate with the hoist engineer on top. Bell signals were used to lift or lower miners, lift ore, and move material to and from the surface. The earliest bell signal signs were wood but they deteriorated quickly, especially in wet mines. Later, porcelanized steel and painted tin signs came into use followed by cloth in the 1920s and then paper. Each state had its own signal rules, adding to the confusion, and some rules were specific to individual mines. Each mine was equipped with one bell sign at each level and one at the headframe. As mines became worked out, the bell signs were lost to the elements and/or flood waters and have become scarce to the collecting community and highly prized. The sign shown here is a rare example of a surviving cloth sign with the name of a specific mine on it. The Argonaut mine at Jackson, CA is one of the most famous mines of the California Mother Load, being discovered in 1850 by two miners, James Hager and William Tudor. Serious development started in 1893 when it was purchased by the Argonaut Mining Company. It operated until 1942, reaching a vertical depth of 5,570 ft. via a 63 degree shaft and produced more than $25 million in gold. The Argonaut along with the nearby Kennedy mine are registered as California Historical Landmark #786. The Argonaut mine is also infamous for being the site of one of the worst mining disasters in California history. On August 27, 1922, 47 miners mostly immigrants from Italy, Spain and Serbia were trapped 4,650 feet below ground by a fire. It took 2 ½ days to extinguish the fire and nearly 3 weeks to get to where the miners were trapped. None survived. The cause of the fire was never determined. The mine disaster is detailed in the book 47 Down: The 1922 Argonaut Gold Mine Disaster by O. Henry Mace. See also Bobrink, Mining Artifact Collector #1, p 25) [More about E. D. Bullard... Founded in 1898, E.D. Bullard Company continues as a leading manufacturer of high quality personal protective equipment and systems that are marketed worldwide. Product lines include thermal imagers, hard hats, firefighter and rescue helmets, supplied air respirators, powered air-purifying respirators, and air quality equipment. Bullard is now a fourth generation family-owned enterprise. The company, headquartered in Cynthiana, Kentucky, is led by President and CEO Richard C. Miller. Bullard traces its heritage back to 1898. Founded in San Francisco by Edward Dickinson Bullard, the company originally supplied carbide lamps and other mining equipment to gold and copper miners in California, Nevada, Arizona and across the western U. S. Most collectors of mining artifacts are familiar with the Bullard name on catalogs, lamp brochures (some shown on my website), and advertisements. When his son, E.W. Bullard, returned from World War I, he used his experience with his doughboy army helmet to design a protective headgear for miners. This “hard boiled” hat, introduced in 1919, represented the first of many innovative designs that have led Bullard to its prominent position in head protection for industrial and emergency response applications. During the 1930s, while the Golden Gate Bridge was being constructed in San Francisco, Bridge engineer Joseph B. Strauss contacted Bullard to request that the company adapt its hats to protect bridge workers. Bullard not only supplied hard hats for this famous project, but its engineers also designed an original supplied air respirator for workers responsible for blasting the steelwork prior to the application of the Bridge’s International Orange paint. Bullard went on to design innovative supplied-air respiratory protection solutions for such key industries as pharmaceutical manufacturing and automotive refinishing. Following the development of the hard hat, Bullard engineers designed the Company’s first fire helmet in 1930. The company quickly became a technology leader in this industry, developing and introducing the first fiberglass fire helmet in 1947, the first NFPA-approved thermoplastic fire helmet in 1983, and the first ratchet headband used in a fire helmet in 1986. Beginning in 1972, the Company moved its production facilities from Sausalito, California, to Cynthiana, Kentucky where it continues to mine gold from a whole different industry.] ARGONAUT MINING COMPANY BELL SIGN - Rare original ca.1920s cloth bell sign for the Argonaut Mining Co., Jackson, CA, with wood glassed frame and water hood, sign 35 3/8 in. tall and 13 3/8 in. wide without frame, with well-known mining supply firm E.D. Bullard, San Francisco, CA marking [see more about Bullard below], acquired from Ted Bobrink (Bell signals have been in use for communication in shaft mining since the mid-1800s. Any mine worked from a vertical or inclined shaft used bell signals to provide a means to communicate with the hoist engineer on top. Bell signals were used to lift or lower miners, lift ore, and move material to and from the surface. The earliest bell signal signs were wood but they deteriorated quickly, especially in wet mines. Later, porcelanized steel and painted tin signs came into use followed by cloth in the 1920s and then paper. Each state had its own signal rules, adding to the confusion, and some rules were specific to individual mines. Each mine was equipped with one bell sign at each level and one at the headframe. As mines became worked out, the bell signs were lost to the elements and/or flood waters and have become scarce to the collecting community and highly prized. The sign shown here is a rare example of a surviving cloth sign with the name of a specific mine on it. The Argonaut mine at Jackson, CA is one of the most famous mines of the California Mother Load, being discovered in 1850 by two miners, James Hager and William Tudor. Serious development started in 1893 when it was purchased by the Argonaut Mining Company. It operated until 1942, reaching a vertical depth of 5,570 ft. via a 63 degree shaft and produced more than $25 million in gold. The Argonaut along with the nearby Kennedy mine are registered as California Historical Landmark #786. The Argonaut mine is also infamous for being the site of one of the worst mining disasters in California history. On August 27, 1922, 47 miners mostly immigrants from Italy, Spain and Serbia were trapped 4,650 feet below ground by a fire. It took 2 ½ days to extinguish the fire and nearly 3 weeks to get to where the miners were trapped. None survived. The cause of the fire was never determined. The mine disaster is detailed in the book 47 Down: The 1922 Argonaut Gold Mine Disaster by O. Henry Mace. See also Bobrink, Mining Artifact Collector #1, p 25) [More about E. D. Bullard... Founded in 1898, E.D. Bullard Company continues as a leading manufacturer of high quality personal protective equipment and systems that are marketed worldwide. Product lines include thermal imagers, hard hats, firefighter and rescue helmets, supplied air respirators, powered air-purifying respirators, and air quality equipment. Bullard is now a fourth generation family-owned enterprise. The company, headquartered in Cynthiana, Kentucky, is led by President and CEO Richard C. Miller. Bullard traces its heritage back to 1898. Founded in San Francisco by Edward Dickinson Bullard, the company originally supplied carbide lamps and other mining equipment to gold and copper miners in California, Nevada, Arizona and across the western U. S. Most collectors of mining artifacts are familiar with the Bullard name on catalogs, lamp brochures (some shown on my website), and advertisements. When his son, E.W. Bullard, returned from World War I, he used his experience with his doughboy army helmet to design a protective headgear for miners. This “hard boiled” hat, introduced in 1919, represented the first of many innovative designs that have led Bullard to its prominent position in head protection for industrial and emergency response applications. During the 1930s, while the Golden Gate Bridge was being constructed in San Francisco, Bridge engineer Joseph B. Strauss contacted Bullard to request that the company adapt its hats to protect bridge workers. Bullard not only supplied hard hats for this famous project, but its engineers also designed an original supplied air respirator for workers responsible for blasting the steelwork prior to the application of the Bridge’s International Orange paint. Bullard went on to design innovative supplied-air respiratory protection solutions for such key industries as pharmaceutical manufacturing and automotive refinishing. Following the development of the hard hat, Bullard engineers designed the Company’s first fire helmet in 1930. The company quickly became a technology leader in this industry, developing and introducing the first fiberglass fire helmet in 1947, the first NFPA-approved thermoplastic fire helmet in 1983, and the first ratchet headband used in a fire helmet in 1986. Beginning in 1972, the Company moved its production facilities from Sausalito, California, to Cynthiana, Kentucky where it continues to mine gold from a whole different industry.] slides/Argonaut Mine Bell Sign pic2.JPG slides/AutoLite Lighter LSide.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 AUTOLITE LIGHTER - Cigarette lighter converted from an AutoLite carbide lamp, lead has been added inside the bottom for weight, the hook has been removed, a wick has replaced the burner tip and a wick snuffer has been added to the reflector, batting for the lighter fluid fills the water tank and the water door provides a means to add fluid, compliments of my good Alaskan friend Neil Tysver AUTOLITE LIGHTER - Cigarette lighter converted from an AutoLite carbide lamp, lead has been added inside the bottom for weight, the hook has been removed, a wick has replaced the burner tip and a wick snuffer has been added to the reflector, batting for the lighter fluid fills the water tank and the water door provides a means to add fluid, compliments of my good Alaskan friend Neil Tysver slides/AutoLite Lighter LSide.jpg slides/AuitoLite Lighter Front.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 AUTOLITE LIGHTER - Cigarette lighter converted from an AutoLite carbide lamp, lead has been added inside the bottom for weight, the hook has been removed, a wick has replaced the burner tip and a wick snuffer has been added to the reflector, batting for the lighter fluid fills the water tank and the water door provides a means to add fluid, compliments of my good Alaskan friend Neil Tysver AUTOLITE LIGHTER - Cigarette lighter converted from an AutoLite carbide lamp, lead has been added inside the bottom for weight, the hook has been removed, a wick has replaced the burner tip and a wick snuffer has been added to the reflector, batting for the lighter fluid fills the water tank and the water door provides a means to add fluid, compliments of my good Alaskan friend Neil Tysver slides/AuitoLite Lighter Front.jpg slides/AutoLite Lighter RSide.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 AUTOLITE LIGHTER - Cigarette lighter converted from an AutoLite carbide lamp, lead has been added inside the bottom for weight, the hook has been removed, a wick has replaced the burner tip and a wick snuffer has been added to the reflector, batting for the lighter fluid fills the water tank and the water door provides a means to add fluid, compliments of my good Alaskan friend Neil Tysver AUTOLITE LIGHTER - Cigarette lighter converted from an AutoLite carbide lamp, lead has been added inside the bottom for weight, the hook has been removed, a wick has replaced the burner tip and a wick snuffer has been added to the reflector, batting for the lighter fluid fills the water tank and the water door provides a means to add fluid, compliments of my good Alaskan friend Neil Tysver slides/AutoLite Lighter RSide.jpg slides/Assay Pouring Mould in 1910 DFC Catalogue.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 POURING MOULDS - Selection of assay pouring moulds offered by the Denver Fire Clay Co. in their 1910 catalogue. POURING MOULDS - Selection of assay pouring moulds offered by the Denver Fire Clay Co. in their 1910 catalogue. slides/Assay Pouring Mould in 1910 DFC Catalogue.jpg slides/DFC Assay Pouring Mould.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 DENVER FIRE CLAY ASSAY POURING MOULD - Cast iron pouring mould, 9 1/8 in. x 10 in., 5 x 5 layout of 25 spherical depressions 1/2 in. deep x 1 5/8 in. dia. for scorification or crucible assays, marked DENVER FIRE CLAY CO at one end and 4615 at other, offered as item #1179 in 1910 DFC catalogue for $1.50. (The Denver Fire Clay Company had its origins in a drugstore owned and operated by Joab Otis Bosworth at 411 Larimer St. in Denver. The year was 1876 and Bosworth had already began experimenting with fire clay hoping to develop assay products including scorifiers, crucibles and muffles to compete with those being imported from Europe. The assay business was booming and Bosworth quickly created a product line. He formed a partnership known as Bosworth, Babcock & Co and began supplying Colorado assayers with a variety of products including chemicals, mining equipment and supplies, and clay crucibles under the name Denver Fire Clay. In 1878, Bosworth enlisted William Hover, an assayer from Salt Lake City, to become a business partner in the drugstore and Bosworth devoted full time to the fire clay business. The Denver Fire Clay Co. at 31st and Blake Streets was incorporated in 1880 with a capital stock of $20,000. Bosworth was elected President, F. M. Case, Secretary, George Snyder, Jr., Assistant Secretary, and A. E. Smith, Plant Foreman. Much of DFC’s early production was of fire-resistant bricks for the construction of smelters. In 1890, Bosworth was killed in an explosion at the DFC store on Larimer St. and his widow continued the business constructing a new downtown building to house the retail store at 1742 Champa Street. The company occupied this building in 1895. By 1921, the company had added branch offices in Salt Lake City and New York and in 1927, the retail store on Champa St. was increased in size by adding a third floor. In 1937, the Denver Fire Clay Building was gutted by fire and the retail store was closed. The building was then sold to Buerger Brothers.) DENVER FIRE CLAY ASSAY POURING MOULD - Cast iron pouring mould, 9 1/8 in. x 10 in., 5 x 5 layout of 25 spherical depressions 1/2 in. deep x 1 5/8 in. dia. for scorification or crucible assays, marked DENVER FIRE CLAY CO at one end and 4615 at other, offered as item #1179 in 1910 DFC catalogue for $1.50. (The Denver Fire Clay Company had its origins in a drugstore owned and operated by Joab Otis Bosworth at 411 Larimer St. in Denver. The year was 1876 and Bosworth had already began experimenting with fire clay hoping to develop assay products including scorifiers, crucibles and muffles to compete with those being imported from Europe. The assay business was booming and Bosworth quickly created a product line. He formed a partnership known as Bosworth, Babcock & Co and began supplying Colorado assayers with a variety of products including chemicals, mining equipment and supplies, and clay crucibles under the name Denver Fire Clay. In 1878, Bosworth enlisted William Hover, an assayer from Salt Lake City, to become a business partner in the drugstore and Bosworth devoted full time to the fire clay business. The Denver Fire Clay Co. at 31st and Blake Streets was incorporated in 1880 with a capital stock of $20,000. Bosworth was elected President, F. M. Case, Secretary, George Snyder, Jr., Assistant Secretary, and A. E. Smith, Plant Foreman. Much of DFC’s early production was of fire-resistant bricks for the construction of smelters. In 1890, Bosworth was killed in an explosion at the DFC store on Larimer St. and his widow continued the business constructing a new downtown building to house the retail store at 1742 Champa Street. The company occupied this building in 1895. By 1921, the company had added branch offices in Salt Lake City and New York and in 1927, the retail store on Champa St. was increased in size by adding a third floor. In 1937, the Denver Fire Clay Building was gutted by fire and the retail store was closed. The building was then sold to Buerger Brothers.) slides/DFC Assay Pouring Mould.jpg slides/Assay Mould.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 ASSAY MOULD 2 X 3 - Cast iron assay pouring button mould with 6 conical depressions each 2 in. dia and 1 3/4 in. deep for crucible or scorification assays, marked 55J, overall dimensions 11 1/4 in. L x 4 3/4 in. W with 4 in. handle ASSAY MOULD 2 X 3 - Cast iron assay pouring button mould with 6 conical depressions each 2 in. dia and 1 3/4 in. deep for crucible or scorification assays, marked 55J, overall dimensions 11 1/4 in. L x 4 3/4 in. W with 4 in. handle slides/Assay Mould.JPG slides/Assay Button Mould.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 ASSAY MOULD 3 X 4 - Cast iron assay pouring button mould with 12 conical depressions each 2 1/8 in. dia. and 1 ¼ in. deep for crucible or scorification assays, unmarked, overall dimensions 10 5/8 in. L x 7 ¼ in. W, found in Amador City, CA area and purchased out of inventory from a closed antique store ASSAY MOULD 3 X 4 - Cast iron assay pouring button mould with 12 conical depressions each 2 1/8 in. dia. and 1 ¼ in. deep for crucible or scorification assays, unmarked, overall dimensions 10 5/8 in. L x 7 ¼ in. W, found in Amador City, CA area and purchased out of inventory from a closed antique store slides/Assay Button Mould.JPG slides/Assay Pouring Mould.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 ASSAY MOULD 1 X 3 - Cast iron assay pouring mould with 3 conical depressions each 2 in. dia and 1 3/4 in. deep, for lead or scorification assays, unmarked, overall dimensions 13 1/4 in. L x 3 in.W with 4 in. wooden handle ASSAY MOULD 1 X 3 - Cast iron assay pouring mould with 3 conical depressions each 2 in. dia and 1 3/4 in. deep, for lead or scorification assays, unmarked, overall dimensions 13 1/4 in. L x 3 in.W with 4 in. wooden handle slides/Assay Pouring Mould.JPG slides/Brunton Pocket Transit Ad 1901 Mines and Minerals.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 BRUNTON POCKET TRANSIT - Ad from Wm. Ainsworth & Sons, sole manufacturers of the Brunton Pocket Transit, in a 1901 Mines and Minerals magazine BRUNTON POCKET TRANSIT - Ad from Wm. Ainsworth & Sons, sole manufacturers of the Brunton Pocket Transit, in a 1901 Mines and Minerals magazine slides/Brunton Pocket Transit Ad 1901 Mines and Minerals.JPG slides/Brunton Pocket Transit.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 BRUNTON POCKET TRANSIT - Brunton pocket transit, aluminum housing, quadrantal model, made by Wm. Ainsworth and Sons, Denver, CO, with leather case, Serial # 38741 (est. mfg date 1946) marked NATURAL SINES D. W. BRUNTON’S POCKET TRANSIT TRADE MARK REG. U.S. PAT. OFF. Wm. AINSWORTH & SONS DENVER, COLO; from the estate of a Colorado mining/economic geologist; patented by David W. Brunton of Aspen, CO as patent No. 526,021 and awarded on Sept. 18, 1894. SEE THE BRUNTON PATENT IN THE FOLLOWING PICS BRUNTON POCKET TRANSIT - Brunton pocket transit, aluminum housing, quadrantal model, made by Wm. Ainsworth and Sons, Denver, CO, with leather case, Serial # 38741 (est. mfg date 1946) marked NATURAL SINES D. W. BRUNTON’S POCKET TRANSIT TRADE MARK REG. U.S. PAT. OFF. Wm. AINSWORTH & SONS DENVER, COLO; from the estate of a Colorado mining/economic geologist; patented by David W. Brunton of Aspen, CO as patent No. 526,021 and awarded on Sept. 18, 1894. SEE THE BRUNTON PATENT IN THE FOLLOWING PICS slides/Brunton Pocket Transit.JPG slides/Brunton Pocket Transit Patent I.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 slides/Brunton Pocket Transit Patent I.JPG slides/Brunton Pocket Transit Patent II.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 slides/Brunton Pocket Transit Patent II.JPG slides/Bullard Hard Boiled Hat Ad 1931 Hendrie & Bolthoff Catalog.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 BULLARD HARDBOILED HAT AD - Advertisement for the E. D. Bullard Co. trademarked and patented hardboiled miner's hat in the 1931 Hendrie & Bolthoff Catalog No. 102 BULLARD HARDBOILED HAT AD - Advertisement for the E. D. Bullard Co. trademarked and patented hardboiled miner's hat in the 1931 Hendrie & Bolthoff Catalog No. 102 slides/Bullard Hard Boiled Hat Ad 1931 Hendrie & Bolthoff Catalog.jpg slides/Bullard Salesman Sample Hard Boiled Hat.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 BULLARD SALESMAN SAMPLE MINER'S HARD BOILED HAT - Salesman sample of Bullard miner’s Hard Boiled hard hat; miniature example of first miner’s hard helmet and first industrial hard hat; paper label marked HARD-BOILED, BULLARD-DAVIS INCORPORATED, NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO, complete with stitched trimming all around, leather interior sweat band and net suspension liner with tie string; 6 1/8 long x 4 3/4 wide x 3 in. high; as new condition (Credit for the invention of the industrial hard hat goes to the E. D. Bullard Company. Founded in 1898 in San Francisco by Edward Dickinson Bullard, the Bullard Company has been a manufacturer of high-quality personal-protective equipment for over 100 years. Bullard sold carbide lamps and mining equipment to copper and gold miners in California, Nevada and Arizona at the turn of the century. At the time, the typical hat worn by the miners was a soft derby similar to a baseball cap with a small hard-leather and shellac brim. Bullard started development of a protective hat that could protect miners from falling objects. His son E. W. Bullard returned from WWI with his M1917 Brodie steel helmet that provided the inspiration for the first miners’ hard hat. The Bullard “Hard-Boiled Hat” made of steamed canvas, glue and black paint was introduced in 1919. With the addition of a built in suspension device, the Hard-Boiled Hat became the first commercially-available, industrial head-protection device. Edward W. Bullard filed a patent application for the miners’ safety hat on May 21, 1928 that was awarded as patent No. 1,776,249 on Sept. 23, 1930. A second application by Edward W. Bullard covering the internal suspension device was awarded as patent No. 1,770,376 on July 15, 1930. In 1933 construction began on the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California. This was the first construction site in the U.S. where construction workers were required to wear hard hats while on the job site. The Bullard Company, now headquartered in Cynthiana, Kentucky, continues in business today.) BULLARD SALESMAN SAMPLE MINER'S HARD BOILED HAT - Salesman sample of Bullard miner’s Hard Boiled hard hat; miniature example of first miner’s hard helmet and first industrial hard hat; paper label marked HARD-BOILED, BULLARD-DAVIS INCORPORATED, NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO, complete with stitched trimming all around, leather interior sweat band and net suspension liner with tie string; 6 1/8 long x 4 3/4 wide x 3 in. high; as new condition (Credit for the invention of the industrial hard hat goes to the E. D. Bullard Company. Founded in 1898 in San Francisco by Edward Dickinson Bullard, the Bullard Company has been a manufacturer of high-quality personal-protective equipment for over 100 years. Bullard sold carbide lamps and mining equipment to copper and gold miners in California, Nevada and Arizona at the turn of the century. At the time, the typical hat worn by the miners was a soft derby similar to a baseball cap with a small hard-leather and shellac brim. Bullard started development of a protective hat that could protect miners from falling objects. His son E. W. Bullard returned from WWI with his M1917 Brodie steel helmet that provided the inspiration for the first miners’ hard hat. The Bullard “Hard-Boiled Hat” made of steamed canvas, glue and black paint was introduced in 1919. With the addition of a built in suspension device, the Hard-Boiled Hat became the first commercially-available, industrial head-protection device. Edward W. Bullard filed a patent application for the miners’ safety hat on May 21, 1928 that was awarded as patent No. 1,776,249 on Sept. 23, 1930. A second application by Edward W. Bullard covering the internal suspension device was awarded as patent No. 1,770,376 on July 15, 1930. In 1933 construction began on the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California. This was the first construction site in the U.S. where construction workers were required to wear hard hats while on the job site. The Bullard Company, now headquartered in Cynthiana, Kentucky, continues in business today.) slides/Bullard Salesman Sample Hard Boiled Hat.jpg slides/Bullard Salesman Sample Hard Boiled Hat Marking.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 BULLARD SALESMAN SAMPLE MINER'S HARD BOILED HAT - Salesman sample of Bullard miner’s Hard Boiled hard hat; miniature example of first miner’s hard helmet and first industrial hard hat; paper label marked HARD-BOILED, BULLARD-DAVIS INCORPORATED, NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO, complete with stitched trimming all around, leather interior sweat band and net suspension liner with tie string; 6 1/8 long x 4 3/4 wide x 3 in. high; as new condition (Credit for the invention of the industrial hard hat goes to the E. D. Bullard Company. Founded in 1898 in San Francisco by Edward Dickinson Bullard, the Bullard Company has been a manufacturer of high-quality personal-protective equipment for over 100 years. Bullard sold carbide lamps and mining equipment to copper and gold miners in California, Nevada and Arizona at the turn of the century. At the time, the typical hat worn by the miners was a soft derby similar to a baseball cap with a small hard-leather and shellac brim. Bullard started development of a protective hat that could protect miners from falling objects. His son E. W. Bullard returned from WWI with his M1917 Brodie steel helmet that provided the inspiration for the first miners’ hard hat. The Bullard “Hard-Boiled Hat” made of steamed canvas, glue and black paint was introduced in 1919. With the addition of a built in suspension device, the Hard-Boiled Hat became the first commercially-available, industrial head-protection device. Edward W. Bullard filed a patent application for the miners’ safety hat on May 21, 1928 that was awarded as patent No. 1,776,249 on Sept. 23, 1930. A second application by Edward W. Bullard covering the internal suspension device was awarded as patent No. 1,770,376 on July 15, 1930. In 1933 construction began on the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California. This was the first construction site in the U.S. where construction workers were required to wear hard hats while on the job site. The Bullard Company, now headquartered in Cynthiana, Kentucky, continues in business today.) BULLARD SALESMAN SAMPLE MINER'S HARD BOILED HAT - Salesman sample of Bullard miner’s Hard Boiled hard hat; miniature example of first miner’s hard helmet and first industrial hard hat; paper label marked HARD-BOILED, BULLARD-DAVIS INCORPORATED, NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO, complete with stitched trimming all around, leather interior sweat band and net suspension liner with tie string; 6 1/8 long x 4 3/4 wide x 3 in. high; as new condition (Credit for the invention of the industrial hard hat goes to the E. D. Bullard Company. Founded in 1898 in San Francisco by Edward Dickinson Bullard, the Bullard Company has been a manufacturer of high-quality personal-protective equipment for over 100 years. Bullard sold carbide lamps and mining equipment to copper and gold miners in California, Nevada and Arizona at the turn of the century. At the time, the typical hat worn by the miners was a soft derby similar to a baseball cap with a small hard-leather and shellac brim. Bullard started development of a protective hat that could protect miners from falling objects. His son E. W. Bullard returned from WWI with his M1917 Brodie steel helmet that provided the inspiration for the first miners’ hard hat. The Bullard “Hard-Boiled Hat” made of steamed canvas, glue and black paint was introduced in 1919. With the addition of a built in suspension device, the Hard-Boiled Hat became the first commercially-available, industrial head-protection device. Edward W. Bullard filed a patent application for the miners’ safety hat on May 21, 1928 that was awarded as patent No. 1,776,249 on Sept. 23, 1930. A second application by Edward W. Bullard covering the internal suspension device was awarded as patent No. 1,770,376 on July 15, 1930. In 1933 construction began on the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California. This was the first construction site in the U.S. where construction workers were required to wear hard hats while on the job site. The Bullard Company, now headquartered in Cynthiana, Kentucky, continues in business today.) slides/Bullard Salesman Sample Hard Boiled Hat Marking.jpg slides/Bullard Hard Boiled Hats.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 BULLARD HARD BOILED HARD HATS - The full size hard hat on the left measures 12 3/4 in. x 8 1/2 in. x 6 1/4 in. high and has a paper label identifying it as a genuine Bullard Hard Boiled Hat manufactured by the E. D. Bullard Company of San Francisco. It also has the Hard Boiled trademark along with Tuff Nut. The label is marked Patent Pending. The miniature hat on the right is a Bullard Hard Boiled salesman sample hat also marked with the Hard Boiled trademark label. BULLARD HARD BOILED HARD HATS - The full size hard hat on the left measures 12 3/4 in. x 8 1/2 in. x 6 1/4 in. high and has a paper label identifying it as a genuine Bullard Hard Boiled Hat manufactured by the E. D. Bullard Company of San Francisco. It also has the Hard Boiled trademark along with Tuff Nut. The label is marked Patent Pending. The miniature hat on the right is a Bullard Hard Boiled salesman sample hat also marked with the Hard Boiled trademark label. slides/Bullard Hard Boiled Hats.jpg slides/Bullard Full Size Hard Boiled Hat Marking.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 BULLARD FULL SIZE HARD BOILED HAT MARKING BULLARD FULL SIZE HARD BOILED HAT MARKING slides/Bullard Full Size Hard Boiled Hat Marking.jpg slides/Bullard Hard Boiled Hat Patent I.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 BULLARD FIRST MINER"S SAFETY HAT PATENT BULLARD FIRST MINER"S SAFETY HAT PATENT slides/Bullard Hard Boiled Hat Patent I.jpg slides/Bullard Hard Boiled Hat Patent IIa.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 BULLARD SECOND SAFETY HAT PATENT SHOWING INTERNAL SUSPENSION BULLARD SECOND SAFETY HAT PATENT SHOWING INTERNAL SUSPENSION slides/Bullard Hard Boiled Hat Patent IIa.jpg slides/Bullard Hard Boiled Hat Patent IIb.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 BULLARD SECOND SAFETY HAT PATENT SHOWING INTERNAL SUSPENSION BULLARD SECOND SAFETY HAT PATENT SHOWING INTERNAL SUSPENSION slides/Bullard Hard Boiled Hat Patent IIb.jpg slides/Butte Letter Opener Front.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 BUTTE ADVERTISING LETTER OPENER - All copper mining theme letter opener, embossed handle on both sides showing two miners with carbide lamps, picks and an ore bucket, blade inscribed with script BUTTE MONTANA, marked HIGHT & FAIRFIELD CO, 9 3/8 in. long [Octavius Hight and John W. Fairfield were entrepreneurs living in Butte from the 1880s through the early 1900s. Together they owned 57 acres of patented mining claims in Jefferson and Silver Bow Counties in 1892. An optometrist by training, Hight had interests in a number of ventures. One of those ventures is the Hight & Fairfield jewelry business. Watches, opera glasses and fine china plates, all marked with the “Hight & Fairfield, Butte City, Montana” marking are known. It is presumed this letter opener is an advertising article for the company for either their mining or jewelry business. A similar letter opener is shown on pg 17 of Antique Mining Equipment and Collectibles by Pearson and Bommarito.] BUTTE ADVERTISING LETTER OPENER - All copper mining theme letter opener, embossed handle on both sides showing two miners with carbide lamps, picks and an ore bucket, blade inscribed with script BUTTE MONTANA, marked HIGHT & FAIRFIELD CO, 9 3/8 in. long [Octavius Hight and John W. Fairfield were entrepreneurs living in Butte from the 1880s through the early 1900s. Together they owned 57 acres of patented mining claims in Jefferson and Silver Bow Counties in 1892. An optometrist by training, Hight had interests in a number of ventures. One of those ventures is the Hight & Fairfield jewelry business. Watches, opera glasses and fine china plates, all marked with the “Hight & Fairfield, Butte City, Montana” marking are known. It is presumed this letter opener is an advertising article for the company for either their mining or jewelry business. A similar letter opener is shown on pg 17 of Antique Mining Equipment and Collectibles by Pearson and Bommarito.] slides/Butte Letter Opener Front.JPG slides/Butte Letter Opener Back.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 BUTTE ADVERTISING LETTER OPENER - All copper mining theme letter opener, embossed handle on both sides showing two miners with carbide lamps, picks and an ore bucket, blade inscribed with script BUTTE MONTANA, marked HIGHT & FAIRFIELD CO, 9 3/8 in. long [Octavius Hight and John W. Fairfield were entrepreneurs living in Butte from the 1880s through the early 1900s. Together they owned 57 acres of patented mining claims in Jefferson and Silver Bow Counties in 1892. An optometrist by training, Hight had interests in a number of ventures. One of those ventures is the Hight & Fairfield jewelry business. Watches, opera glasses and fine china plates, all marked with the “Hight & Fairfield, Butte City, Montana” marking are known. It is presumed this letter opener is an advertising article for the company for either their mining or jewelry business. A similar letter opener is shown on pg 17 of Antique Mining Equipment and Collectibles by Pearson and Bommarito.] BUTTE ADVERTISING LETTER OPENER - All copper mining theme letter opener, embossed handle on both sides showing two miners with carbide lamps, picks and an ore bucket, blade inscribed with script BUTTE MONTANA, marked HIGHT & FAIRFIELD CO, 9 3/8 in. long [Octavius Hight and John W. Fairfield were entrepreneurs living in Butte from the 1880s through the early 1900s. Together they owned 57 acres of patented mining claims in Jefferson and Silver Bow Counties in 1892. An optometrist by training, Hight had interests in a number of ventures. One of those ventures is the Hight & Fairfield jewelry business. Watches, opera glasses and fine china plates, all marked with the “Hight & Fairfield, Butte City, Montana” marking are known. It is presumed this letter opener is an advertising article for the company for either their mining or jewelry business. A similar letter opener is shown on pg 17 of Antique Mining Equipment and Collectibles by Pearson and Bommarito.] slides/Butte Letter Opener Back.JPG slides/Butte Letter Opener Closeup.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 BUTTE ADVERTISING LETTER OPENER - All copper mining theme letter opener, embossed handle on both sides showing two miners with carbide lamps, picks and an ore bucket, blade inscribed with script BUTTE MONTANA, marked HIGHT & FAIRFIELD CO, 9 3/8 in. long [Octavius Hight and John W. Fairfield were entrepreneurs living in Butte from the 1880s through the early 1900s. Together they owned 57 acres of patented mining claims in Jefferson and Silver Bow Counties in 1892. An optometrist by training, Hight had interests in a number of ventures. One of those ventures is the Hight & Fairfield jewelry business. Watches, opera glasses and fine china plates, all marked with the “Hight & Fairfield, Butte City, Montana” marking are known. It is presumed this letter opener is an advertising article for the company for either their mining or jewelry business. A similar letter opener is shown on pg 17 of Antique Mining Equipment and Collectibles by Pearson and Bommarito.] BUTTE ADVERTISING LETTER OPENER - All copper mining theme letter opener, embossed handle on both sides showing two miners with carbide lamps, picks and an ore bucket, blade inscribed with script BUTTE MONTANA, marked HIGHT & FAIRFIELD CO, 9 3/8 in. long [Octavius Hight and John W. Fairfield were entrepreneurs living in Butte from the 1880s through the early 1900s. Together they owned 57 acres of patented mining claims in Jefferson and Silver Bow Counties in 1892. An optometrist by training, Hight had interests in a number of ventures. One of those ventures is the Hight & Fairfield jewelry business. Watches, opera glasses and fine china plates, all marked with the “Hight & Fairfield, Butte City, Montana” marking are known. It is presumed this letter opener is an advertising article for the company for either their mining or jewelry business. A similar letter opener is shown on pg 17 of Antique Mining Equipment and Collectibles by Pearson and Bommarito.] slides/Butte Letter Opener Closeup.JPG slides/Butte Letter Opener Marking.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 BUTTE ADVERTISING LETTER OPENER - All copper mining theme letter opener, embossed handle on both sides showing two miners with carbide lamps, picks and an ore bucket, blade inscribed with script BUTTE MONTANA, marked HIGHT & FAIRFIELD CO, 9 3/8 in. long [Octavius Hight and John W. Fairfield were entrepreneurs living in Butte from the 1880s through the early 1900s. Together they owned 57 acres of patented mining claims in Jefferson and Silver Bow Counties in 1892. An optometrist by training, Hight had interests in a number of ventures. One of those ventures is the Hight & Fairfield jewelry business. Watches, opera glasses and fine china plates, all marked with the “Hight & Fairfield, Butte City, Montana” marking are known. It is presumed this letter opener is an advertising article for the company for either their mining or jewelry business. A similar letter opener is shown on pg 17 of Antique Mining Equipment and Collectibles by Pearson and Bommarito.] BUTTE ADVERTISING LETTER OPENER - All copper mining theme letter opener, embossed handle on both sides showing two miners with carbide lamps, picks and an ore bucket, blade inscribed with script BUTTE MONTANA, marked HIGHT & FAIRFIELD CO, 9 3/8 in. long [Octavius Hight and John W. Fairfield were entrepreneurs living in Butte from the 1880s through the early 1900s. Together they owned 57 acres of patented mining claims in Jefferson and Silver Bow Counties in 1892. An optometrist by training, Hight had interests in a number of ventures. One of those ventures is the Hight & Fairfield jewelry business. Watches, opera glasses and fine china plates, all marked with the “Hight & Fairfield, Butte City, Montana” marking are known. It is presumed this letter opener is an advertising article for the company for either their mining or jewelry business. A similar letter opener is shown on pg 17 of Antique Mining Equipment and Collectibles by Pearson and Bommarito.] slides/Butte Letter Opener Marking.JPG slides/Card Ore Car LSide.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 C S CARD ORE CAR - This C. S. Card tagged ore car was recovered from the Graphic-Waldo Mine near Magdalena, New Mexico. The history of this mine starts during the Civil War when Confederate soldiers from Texas entered New Mexico Territory in 1862 on their way to capture the gold and silver mines of Colorado. They got as far as Glorieta Pass, northeast of Santa Fe, where they were turned back by Union troops joined by NM and CO volunteers. While camped at Magdalena, NM following the Confederates back to Texas, Union soldier John S. Hutchason traded for some heavy rocks with the locals. After the war ended, he came back to Magdalena, prospected the area and found the source of the rocks. He and his partners staked out the Graphic, Kelly and Juanita Mines in 1866. Mining started immediately for silver within the lead ore and the area became the Magdalena Mining District. Assays were good averaging 10 troy ounces of silver per ton of ore. Hutchason eventually sold the Graphic Mine in the 1870s and since then it changed ownership many times. Overall the Graphic-Waldo Mine was in operation from 1866 to 1949. The upper levels to level 9 were mined exclusively as the Graphic Mine. In 1906, the Waldo adit was driven to intersect the 9 level and ore was then hauled out of the side of the mountain rather than pulled up to the Graphic portal to ship out. The 9 level and below is considered the Waldo and all above it as the Graphic. In 1915, a vertical shaft was sunk, from above the Waldo adit, skirted it, and went down to the 14 level, as mining had gone deeper. In total, 16 levels were mined before closure. The swivel/dump ore car came from the Waldo, level 9, and is therefore from the 1906-1949 workings. (History compliments of Phil Kozushko, NM Tech, Socorro, NM) The C. S. Card Iron Works Company of Denver was established in 1892 and was a major supplier of mine haulage and handling equipment. The car is thought to be standard type model Z-18 with 10 in. wheels and a capacity of 18.3 cu. ft. The inside dimensions are 44 in. length, 30 in. width and 24 in. deep. It stands 40 in. above the rail with the bottom constructed of 3/16 in. steel. C S CARD ORE CAR - This C. S. Card tagged ore car was recovered from the Graphic-Waldo Mine near Magdalena, New Mexico. The history of this mine starts during the Civil War when Confederate soldiers from Texas entered New Mexico Territory in 1862 on their way to capture the gold and silver mines of Colorado. They got as far as Glorieta Pass, northeast of Santa Fe, where they were turned back by Union troops joined by NM and CO volunteers. While camped at Magdalena, NM following the Confederates back to Texas, Union soldier John S. Hutchason traded for some heavy rocks with the locals. After the war ended, he came back to Magdalena, prospected the area and found the source of the rocks. He and his partners staked out the Graphic, Kelly and Juanita Mines in 1866. Mining started immediately for silver within the lead ore and the area became the Magdalena Mining District. Assays were good averaging 10 troy ounces of silver per ton of ore. Hutchason eventually sold the Graphic Mine in the 1870s and since then it changed ownership many times. Overall the Graphic-Waldo Mine was in operation from 1866 to 1949. The upper levels to level 9 were mined exclusively as the Graphic Mine. In 1906, the Waldo adit was driven to intersect the 9 level and ore was then hauled out of the side of the mountain rather than pulled up to the Graphic portal to ship out. The 9 level and below is considered the Waldo and all above it as the Graphic. In 1915, a vertical shaft was sunk, from above the Waldo adit, skirted it, and went down to the 14 level, as mining had gone deeper. In total, 16 levels were mined before closure. The swivel/dump ore car came from the Waldo, level 9, and is therefore from the 1906-1949 workings. (History compliments of Phil Kozushko, NM Tech, Socorro, NM) The C. S. Card Iron Works Company of Denver was established in 1892 and was a major supplier of mine haulage and handling equipment. The car is thought to be standard type model Z-18 with 10 in. wheels and a capacity of 18.3 cu. ft. The inside dimensions are 44 in. length, 30 in. width and 24 in. deep. It stands 40 in. above the rail with the bottom constructed of 3/16 in. steel. slides/Card Ore Car LSide.jpg slides/Card Ore Car RSide.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 C S CARD ORE CAR - This C. S. Card tagged ore car was recovered from the Graphic-Waldo Mine near Magdalena, New Mexico. The history of this mine starts during the Civil War when Confederate soldiers from Texas entered New Mexico Territory in 1862 on their way to capture the gold and silver mines of Colorado. They got as far as Glorieta Pass, northeast of Santa Fe, where they were turned back by Union troops joined by NM and CO volunteers. While camped at Magdalena, NM following the Confederates back to Texas, Union soldier John S. Hutchason traded for some heavy rocks with the locals. After the war ended, he came back to Magdalena, prospected the area and found the source of the rocks. He and his partners staked out the Graphic, Kelly and Juanita Mines in 1866. Mining started immediately for silver within the lead ore and the area became the Magdalena Mining District. Assays were good averaging 10 troy ounces of silver per ton of ore. Hutchason eventually sold the Graphic Mine in the 1870s and since then it changed ownership many times. Overall the Graphic-Waldo Mine was in operation from 1866 to 1949. The upper levels to level 9 were mined exclusively as the Graphic Mine. In 1906, the Waldo adit was driven to intersect the 9 level and ore was then hauled out of the side of the mountain rather than pulled up to the Graphic portal to ship out. The 9 level and below is considered the Waldo and all above it as the Graphic. In 1915, a vertical shaft was sunk, from above the Waldo adit, skirted it, and went down to the 14 level, as mining had gone deeper. In total, 16 levels were mined before closure. The swivel/dump ore car came from the Waldo, level 9, and is therefore from the 1906-1949 workings. (History compliments of Phil Kozushko, NM Tech, Socorro, NM) The C. S. Card Iron Works Company of Denver was established in 1892 and was a major supplier of mine haulage and handling equipment. The car is thought to be standard type model Z-18 with 10 in. wheels and a capacity of 18.3 cu. ft. The inside dimensions are 44 in. length, 30 in. width and 24 in. deep. It stands 40 in. above the rail with the bottom constructed of 3/16 in. steel. C S CARD ORE CAR - This C. S. Card tagged ore car was recovered from the Graphic-Waldo Mine near Magdalena, New Mexico. The history of this mine starts during the Civil War when Confederate soldiers from Texas entered New Mexico Territory in 1862 on their way to capture the gold and silver mines of Colorado. They got as far as Glorieta Pass, northeast of Santa Fe, where they were turned back by Union troops joined by NM and CO volunteers. While camped at Magdalena, NM following the Confederates back to Texas, Union soldier John S. Hutchason traded for some heavy rocks with the locals. After the war ended, he came back to Magdalena, prospected the area and found the source of the rocks. He and his partners staked out the Graphic, Kelly and Juanita Mines in 1866. Mining started immediately for silver within the lead ore and the area became the Magdalena Mining District. Assays were good averaging 10 troy ounces of silver per ton of ore. Hutchason eventually sold the Graphic Mine in the 1870s and since then it changed ownership many times. Overall the Graphic-Waldo Mine was in operation from 1866 to 1949. The upper levels to level 9 were mined exclusively as the Graphic Mine. In 1906, the Waldo adit was driven to intersect the 9 level and ore was then hauled out of the side of the mountain rather than pulled up to the Graphic portal to ship out. The 9 level and below is considered the Waldo and all above it as the Graphic. In 1915, a vertical shaft was sunk, from above the Waldo adit, skirted it, and went down to the 14 level, as mining had gone deeper. In total, 16 levels were mined before closure. The swivel/dump ore car came from the Waldo, level 9, and is therefore from the 1906-1949 workings. (History compliments of Phil Kozushko, NM Tech, Socorro, NM) The C. S. Card Iron Works Company of Denver was established in 1892 and was a major supplier of mine haulage and handling equipment. The car is thought to be standard type model Z-18 with 10 in. wheels and a capacity of 18.3 cu. ft. The inside dimensions are 44 in. length, 30 in. width and 24 in. deep. It stands 40 in. above the rail with the bottom constructed of 3/16 in. steel. slides/Card Ore Car RSide.jpg slides/Card Ore Car Swivelled.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 C S CARD ORE CAR - This C. S. Card tagged ore car was recovered from the Graphic-Waldo Mine near Magdalena, New Mexico. The history of this mine starts during the Civil War when Confederate soldiers from Texas entered New Mexico Territory in 1862 on their way to capture the gold and silver mines of Colorado. They got as far as Glorieta Pass, northeast of Santa Fe, where they were turned back by Union troops joined by NM and CO volunteers. While camped at Magdalena, NM following the Confederates back to Texas, Union soldier John S. Hutchason traded for some heavy rocks with the locals. After the war ended, he came back to Magdalena, prospected the area and found the source of the rocks. He and his partners staked out the Graphic, Kelly and Juanita Mines in 1866. Mining started immediately for silver within the lead ore and the area became the Magdalena Mining District. Assays were good averaging 10 troy ounces of silver per ton of ore. Hutchason eventually sold the Graphic Mine in the 1870s and since then it changed ownership many times. Overall the Graphic-Waldo Mine was in operation from 1866 to 1949. The upper levels to level 9 were mined exclusively as the Graphic Mine. In 1906, the Waldo adit was driven to intersect the 9 level and ore was then hauled out of the side of the mountain rather than pulled up to the Graphic portal to ship out. The 9 level and below is considered the Waldo and all above it as the Graphic. In 1915, a vertical shaft was sunk, from above the Waldo adit, skirted it, and went down to the 14 level, as mining had gone deeper. In total, 16 levels were mined before closure. The swivel/dump ore car came from the Waldo, level 9, and is therefore from the 1906-1949 workings. (History compliments of Phil Kozushko, NM Tech, Socorro, NM) The C. S. Card Iron Works Company of Denver was established in 1892 and was a major supplier of mine haulage and handling equipment. The car is thought to be standard type model Z-18 with 10 in. wheels and a capacity of 18.3 cu. ft. The inside dimensions are 44 in. length, 30 in. width and 24 in. deep. It stands 40 in. above the rail with the bottom constructed of 3/16 in. steel. C S CARD ORE CAR - This C. S. Card tagged ore car was recovered from the Graphic-Waldo Mine near Magdalena, New Mexico. The history of this mine starts during the Civil War when Confederate soldiers from Texas entered New Mexico Territory in 1862 on their way to capture the gold and silver mines of Colorado. They got as far as Glorieta Pass, northeast of Santa Fe, where they were turned back by Union troops joined by NM and CO volunteers. While camped at Magdalena, NM following the Confederates back to Texas, Union soldier John S. Hutchason traded for some heavy rocks with the locals. After the war ended, he came back to Magdalena, prospected the area and found the source of the rocks. He and his partners staked out the Graphic, Kelly and Juanita Mines in 1866. Mining started immediately for silver within the lead ore and the area became the Magdalena Mining District. Assays were good averaging 10 troy ounces of silver per ton of ore. Hutchason eventually sold the Graphic Mine in the 1870s and since then it changed ownership many times. Overall the Graphic-Waldo Mine was in operation from 1866 to 1949. The upper levels to level 9 were mined exclusively as the Graphic Mine. In 1906, the Waldo adit was driven to intersect the 9 level and ore was then hauled out of the side of the mountain rather than pulled up to the Graphic portal to ship out. The 9 level and below is considered the Waldo and all above it as the Graphic. In 1915, a vertical shaft was sunk, from above the Waldo adit, skirted it, and went down to the 14 level, as mining had gone deeper. In total, 16 levels were mined before closure. The swivel/dump ore car came from the Waldo, level 9, and is therefore from the 1906-1949 workings. (History compliments of Phil Kozushko, NM Tech, Socorro, NM) The C. S. Card Iron Works Company of Denver was established in 1892 and was a major supplier of mine haulage and handling equipment. The car is thought to be standard type model Z-18 with 10 in. wheels and a capacity of 18.3 cu. ft. The inside dimensions are 44 in. length, 30 in. width and 24 in. deep. It stands 40 in. above the rail with the bottom constructed of 3/16 in. steel. slides/Card Ore Car Swivelled.jpg slides/Card Ore Car Wheel.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 C S CARD ORE CAR - This C. S. Card tagged ore car was recovered from the Graphic-Waldo Mine near Magdalena, New Mexico. The history of this mine starts during the Civil War when Confederate soldiers from Texas entered New Mexico Territory in 1862 on their way to capture the gold and silver mines of Colorado. They got as far as Glorieta Pass, northeast of Santa Fe, where they were turned back by Union troops joined by NM and CO volunteers. While camped at Magdalena, NM following the Confederates back to Texas, Union soldier John S. Hutchason traded for some heavy rocks with the locals. After the war ended, he came back to Magdalena, prospected the area and found the source of the rocks. He and his partners staked out the Graphic, Kelly and Juanita Mines in 1866. Mining started immediately for silver within the lead ore and the area became the Magdalena Mining District. Assays were good averaging 10 troy ounces of silver per ton of ore. Hutchason eventually sold the Graphic Mine in the 1870s and since then it changed ownership many times. Overall the Graphic-Waldo Mine was in operation from 1866 to 1949. The upper levels to level 9 were mined exclusively as the Graphic Mine. In 1906, the Waldo adit was driven to intersect the 9 level and ore was then hauled out of the side of the mountain rather than pulled up to the Graphic portal to ship out. The 9 level and below is considered the Waldo and all above it as the Graphic. In 1915, a vertical shaft was sunk, from above the Waldo adit, skirted it, and went down to the 14 level, as mining had gone deeper. In total, 16 levels were mined before closure. The swivel/dump ore car came from the Waldo, level 9, and is therefore from the 1906-1949 workings. (History compliments of Phil Kozushko, NM Tech, Socorro, NM) The C. S. Card Iron Works Company of Denver was established in 1892 and was a major supplier of mine haulage and handling equipment. The car is thought to be standard type model Z-18 with 10 in. wheels and a capacity of 18.3 cu. ft. The inside dimensions are 44 in. length, 30 in. width and 24 in. deep. It stands 40 in. above the rail with the bottom constructed of 3/16 in. steel. C S CARD ORE CAR - This C. S. Card tagged ore car was recovered from the Graphic-Waldo Mine near Magdalena, New Mexico. The history of this mine starts during the Civil War when Confederate soldiers from Texas entered New Mexico Territory in 1862 on their way to capture the gold and silver mines of Colorado. They got as far as Glorieta Pass, northeast of Santa Fe, where they were turned back by Union troops joined by NM and CO volunteers. While camped at Magdalena, NM following the Confederates back to Texas, Union soldier John S. Hutchason traded for some heavy rocks with the locals. After the war ended, he came back to Magdalena, prospected the area and found the source of the rocks. He and his partners staked out the Graphic, Kelly and Juanita Mines in 1866. Mining started immediately for silver within the lead ore and the area became the Magdalena Mining District. Assays were good averaging 10 troy ounces of silver per ton of ore. Hutchason eventually sold the Graphic Mine in the 1870s and since then it changed ownership many times. Overall the Graphic-Waldo Mine was in operation from 1866 to 1949. The upper levels to level 9 were mined exclusively as the Graphic Mine. In 1906, the Waldo adit was driven to intersect the 9 level and ore was then hauled out of the side of the mountain rather than pulled up to the Graphic portal to ship out. The 9 level and below is considered the Waldo and all above it as the Graphic. In 1915, a vertical shaft was sunk, from above the Waldo adit, skirted it, and went down to the 14 level, as mining had gone deeper. In total, 16 levels were mined before closure. The swivel/dump ore car came from the Waldo, level 9, and is therefore from the 1906-1949 workings. (History compliments of Phil Kozushko, NM Tech, Socorro, NM) The C. S. Card Iron Works Company of Denver was established in 1892 and was a major supplier of mine haulage and handling equipment. The car is thought to be standard type model Z-18 with 10 in. wheels and a capacity of 18.3 cu. ft. The inside dimensions are 44 in. length, 30 in. width and 24 in. deep. It stands 40 in. above the rail with the bottom constructed of 3/16 in. steel. slides/Card Ore Car Wheel.jpg slides/Card Ore Car Marking.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 C S CARD ORE CAR - This C. S. Card tagged ore car was recovered from the Graphic-Waldo Mine near Magdalena, New Mexico. The history of this mine starts during the Civil War when Confederate soldiers from Texas entered New Mexico Territory in 1862 on their way to capture the gold and silver mines of Colorado. They got as far as Glorieta Pass, northeast of Santa Fe, where they were turned back by Union troops joined by NM and CO volunteers. While camped at Magdalena, NM following the Confederates back to Texas, Union soldier John S. Hutchason traded for some heavy rocks with the locals. After the war ended, he came back to Magdalena, prospected the area and found the source of the rocks. He and his partners staked out the Graphic, Kelly and Juanita Mines in 1866. Mining started immediately for silver within the lead ore and the area became the Magdalena Mining District. Assays were good averaging 10 troy ounces of silver per ton of ore. Hutchason eventually sold the Graphic Mine in the 1870s and since then it changed ownership many times. Overall the Graphic-Waldo Mine was in operation from 1866 to 1949. The upper levels to level 9 were mined exclusively as the Graphic Mine. In 1906, the Waldo adit was driven to intersect the 9 level and ore was then hauled out of the side of the mountain rather than pulled up to the Graphic portal to ship out. The 9 level and below is considered the Waldo and all above it as the Graphic. In 1915, a vertical shaft was sunk, from above the Waldo adit, skirted it, and went down to the 14 level, as mining had gone deeper. In total, 16 levels were mined before closure. The swivel/dump ore car came from the Waldo, level 9, and is therefore from the 1906-1949 workings. (History compliments of Phil Kozushko, NM Tech, Socorro, NM) The C. S. Card Iron Works Company of Denver was established in 1892 and was a major supplier of mine haulage and handling equipment. The car is thought to be standard type model Z-18 with 10 in. wheels and a capacity of 18.3 cu. ft. The inside dimensions are 44 in. length, 30 in. width and 24 in. deep. It stands 40 in. above the rail with the bottom constructed of 3/16 in. steel. C S CARD ORE CAR - This C. S. Card tagged ore car was recovered from the Graphic-Waldo Mine near Magdalena, New Mexico. The history of this mine starts during the Civil War when Confederate soldiers from Texas entered New Mexico Territory in 1862 on their way to capture the gold and silver mines of Colorado. They got as far as Glorieta Pass, northeast of Santa Fe, where they were turned back by Union troops joined by NM and CO volunteers. While camped at Magdalena, NM following the Confederates back to Texas, Union soldier John S. Hutchason traded for some heavy rocks with the locals. After the war ended, he came back to Magdalena, prospected the area and found the source of the rocks. He and his partners staked out the Graphic, Kelly and Juanita Mines in 1866. Mining started immediately for silver within the lead ore and the area became the Magdalena Mining District. Assays were good averaging 10 troy ounces of silver per ton of ore. Hutchason eventually sold the Graphic Mine in the 1870s and since then it changed ownership many times. Overall the Graphic-Waldo Mine was in operation from 1866 to 1949. The upper levels to level 9 were mined exclusively as the Graphic Mine. In 1906, the Waldo adit was driven to intersect the 9 level and ore was then hauled out of the side of the mountain rather than pulled up to the Graphic portal to ship out. The 9 level and below is considered the Waldo and all above it as the Graphic. In 1915, a vertical shaft was sunk, from above the Waldo adit, skirted it, and went down to the 14 level, as mining had gone deeper. In total, 16 levels were mined before closure. The swivel/dump ore car came from the Waldo, level 9, and is therefore from the 1906-1949 workings. (History compliments of Phil Kozushko, NM Tech, Socorro, NM) The C. S. Card Iron Works Company of Denver was established in 1892 and was a major supplier of mine haulage and handling equipment. The car is thought to be standard type model Z-18 with 10 in. wheels and a capacity of 18.3 cu. ft. The inside dimensions are 44 in. length, 30 in. width and 24 in. deep. It stands 40 in. above the rail with the bottom constructed of 3/16 in. steel. slides/Card Ore Car Marking.jpg slides/Catalpa Mining Co Leadville.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 CATALPA MINING COMPANY STOCK CERTIFICATE LEADVILLE - Catalpa Mining Co. 100 shares, January 21, 1881, uncancelled, 7 in. x 11 ¼ in., owned Catalpa and Crescent mines on Carbonate Hill, Leadville, CO, vignette of miners working underground, signed by President J. P. Whitney CATALPA MINING COMPANY STOCK CERTIFICATE LEADVILLE - Catalpa Mining Co. 100 shares, January 21, 1881, uncancelled, 7 in. x 11 ¼ in., owned Catalpa and Crescent mines on Carbonate Hill, Leadville, CO, vignette of miners working underground, signed by President J. P. Whitney slides/Catalpa Mining Co Leadville.jpg slides/Colorado and Pikes Peak Consolidated Mining Cripple Creek.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 COLORADO AND PIKES PEAK MINING COMPANY STOCK CERTIFICATE CRIPPLE CREEK - The Colorado and Pike's Peak Consolidated Mining Company of Cripple Creek, Colorado, 500 shares owned by Jessie E. Bond, June 9, 1900, uncancelled, 8 1/8 in. x 10 1/4 in., signed by President Chas. G. Adams, with gold embossed seal dated 1896, vignette of eagle with shield and arrows and decorative border COLORADO AND PIKES PEAK MINING COMPANY STOCK CERTIFICATE CRIPPLE CREEK - The Colorado and Pike's Peak Consolidated Mining Company of Cripple Creek, Colorado, 500 shares owned by Jessie E. Bond, June 9, 1900, uncancelled, 8 1/8 in. x 10 1/4 in., signed by President Chas. G. Adams, with gold embossed seal dated 1896, vignette of eagle with shield and arrows and decorative border slides/Colorado and Pikes Peak Consolidated Mining Cripple Creek.JPG slides/Colorado Bureau of Mines Bell Sign.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 COLORADO BUREAU OF MINES BELL SIGN - Original mid-1930s cloth bell sign for the Bureau of Mines, State of Colorado, sign is 34 in. tall and 13 in. wide, bottom marked “Approved, Walter E. Scott, Jr., Commissioner of Mines,” black on a white background, extensive use of bold lettering makes this sign somewhat unique and attractive, sign printed by Bradford-Robinson Printing Co, Denver, lower left corner has a small union label for Allied Printing Trades Council, Denver, Colo., Walter E. Scott was Mines Commissioner from 1934 to 1947, sign was found in the Diamond Tunnel in Silver Plume, Colorado, ex-Steve Rush collection (see Bobrink article in Mining Artifact Collector # 3, p 34) COLORADO BUREAU OF MINES BELL SIGN - Original mid-1930s cloth bell sign for the Bureau of Mines, State of Colorado, sign is 34 in. tall and 13 in. wide, bottom marked “Approved, Walter E. Scott, Jr., Commissioner of Mines,” black on a white background, extensive use of bold lettering makes this sign somewhat unique and attractive, sign printed by Bradford-Robinson Printing Co, Denver, lower left corner has a small union label for Allied Printing Trades Council, Denver, Colo., Walter E. Scott was Mines Commissioner from 1934 to 1947, sign was found in the Diamond Tunnel in Silver Plume, Colorado, ex-Steve Rush collection (see Bobrink article in Mining Artifact Collector # 3, p 34) slides/Colorado Bureau of Mines Bell Sign.JPG slides/Cupel Mould.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 CUPEL MOULD - Brass cupel mould, 5 1/8 in. high, plunger dia. 1 1/4 in., cylinder height 1 3/8 in. and outside dia. 1 7/8 in., shown with bone-ash cupel recovered from the mill house of the Nabesna Mine, Chisana District, Valdez-Cordova Borough, Alaska by my good friend Neil Tysver (The final process of fire assaying gold and silver ore is called cupellation, the object of which is to remove base metals such as lead and copper as oxides while leaving the remaining gold and silver in a metal state called a button. It is performed in a muffle furnace in a porous vessel called a cupel which is usually made of bone ash. The process of manufacturing a cupel is as follows. Finely ground bone ash is moistened with water and thoroughly kneaded so that the mass is of uniform consistency throughout and free of lumps. The material is best worked by rubbing between the hands. The bone ash is sufficiently wet when it coheres by gently squeezing it in the hand. Generally, bone ash requires the addition of about one-twelfth its weight of water. Small quantities of cupels can be made by hand in a cupel mould as shown in the pic. This device is usually made of iron or brass, as this one, and consists of a hollow cylinder and a plunger with a concave bottom that fits in the cylinder to compress the bone ash and shape the top of the cupel. In forming the cupel, the cylinder is filled with the moistened bone ash and the plunger is placed in the cylinder and is compressed by three or four sharp blows from a wooden mallet. The plunger should be rotated one-half turn to free it and smooth the face of the cupel which can then be removed by carefully sliding it out of the cylinder and left to dry. Cupels vary in size according to the weight of the lead button being cupelled. A cupel should be capable of absorbing its own weight of molten litharge. A cupel of 1 in. top diameter can absorb 8 grams of litharge while a 1 1/2 inch top diameter can absorb 28 grams. See Ernest Smith, The Sampling and Assay of the Precious Metals, 1913, J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia) CUPEL MOULD - Brass cupel mould, 5 1/8 in. high, plunger dia. 1 1/4 in., cylinder height 1 3/8 in. and outside dia. 1 7/8 in., shown with bone-ash cupel recovered from the mill house of the Nabesna Mine, Chisana District, Valdez-Cordova Borough, Alaska by my good friend Neil Tysver (The final process of fire assaying gold and silver ore is called cupellation, the object of which is to remove base metals such as lead and copper as oxides while leaving the remaining gold and silver in a metal state called a button. It is performed in a muffle furnace in a porous vessel called a cupel which is usually made of bone ash. The process of manufacturing a cupel is as follows. Finely ground bone ash is moistened with water and thoroughly kneaded so that the mass is of uniform consistency throughout and free of lumps. The material is best worked by rubbing between the hands. The bone ash is sufficiently wet when it coheres by gently squeezing it in the hand. Generally, bone ash requires the addition of about one-twelfth its weight of water. Small quantities of cupels can be made by hand in a cupel mould as shown in the pic. This device is usually made of iron or brass, as this one, and consists of a hollow cylinder and a plunger with a concave bottom that fits in the cylinder to compress the bone ash and shape the top of the cupel. In forming the cupel, the cylinder is filled with the moistened bone ash and the plunger is placed in the cylinder and is compressed by three or four sharp blows from a wooden mallet. The plunger should be rotated one-half turn to free it and smooth the face of the cupel which can then be removed by carefully sliding it out of the cylinder and left to dry. Cupels vary in size according to the weight of the lead button being cupelled. A cupel should be capable of absorbing its own weight of molten litharge. A cupel of 1 in. top diameter can absorb 8 grams of litharge while a 1 1/2 inch top diameter can absorb 28 grams. See Ernest Smith, The Sampling and Assay of the Precious Metals, 1913, J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia) slides/Cupel Mould.JPG slides/Cupel Mould II.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 CUPEL MOULD - Brass cupel mould, 5 1/8 in. high, plunger dia. 1 1/4 in., cylinder height 1 3/8 in. and outside dia. 1 7/8 in., shown with bone-ash cupel recovered from the mill house of the Nabesna Mine, Chisana District, Valdez-Cordova Borough, Alaska by my good friend Neil Tysver (The final process of fire assaying gold and silver ore is called cupellation, the object of which is to remove base metals such as lead and copper as oxides while leaving the remaining gold and silver in a metal state called a button. It is performed in a muffle furnace in a porous vessel called a cupel which is usually made of bone ash. The process of manufacturing a cupel is as follows. Finely ground bone ash is moistened with water and thoroughly kneaded so that the mass is of uniform consistency throughout and free of lumps. The material is best worked by rubbing between the hands. The bone ash is sufficiently wet when it coheres by gently squeezing it in the hand. Generally, bone ash requires the addition of about one-twelfth its weight of water. Small quantities of cupels can be made by hand in a cupel mould as shown in the pic. This device is usually made of iron or brass, as this one, and consists of a hollow cylinder and a plunger with a concave bottom that fits in the cylinder to compress the bone ash and shape the top of the cupel. In forming the cupel, the cylinder is filled with the moistened bone ash and the plunger is placed in the cylinder and is compressed by three or four sharp blows from a wooden mallet. The plunger should be rotated one-half turn to free it and smooth the face of the cupel which can then be removed by carefully sliding it out of the cylinder and left to dry. Cupels vary in size according to the weight of the lead button being cupelled. A cupel should be capable of absorbing its own weight of molten litharge. A cupel of 1 in. top diameter can absorb 8 grams of litharge while a 1 1/2 inch top diameter can absorb 28 grams. See Ernest Smith, The Sampling and Assay of the Precious Metals, 1913, J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia) CUPEL MOULD - Brass cupel mould, 5 1/8 in. high, plunger dia. 1 1/4 in., cylinder height 1 3/8 in. and outside dia. 1 7/8 in., shown with bone-ash cupel recovered from the mill house of the Nabesna Mine, Chisana District, Valdez-Cordova Borough, Alaska by my good friend Neil Tysver (The final process of fire assaying gold and silver ore is called cupellation, the object of which is to remove base metals such as lead and copper as oxides while leaving the remaining gold and silver in a metal state called a button. It is performed in a muffle furnace in a porous vessel called a cupel which is usually made of bone ash. The process of manufacturing a cupel is as follows. Finely ground bone ash is moistened with water and thoroughly kneaded so that the mass is of uniform consistency throughout and free of lumps. The material is best worked by rubbing between the hands. The bone ash is sufficiently wet when it coheres by gently squeezing it in the hand. Generally, bone ash requires the addition of about one-twelfth its weight of water. Small quantities of cupels can be made by hand in a cupel mould as shown in the pic. This device is usually made of iron or brass, as this one, and consists of a hollow cylinder and a plunger with a concave bottom that fits in the cylinder to compress the bone ash and shape the top of the cupel. In forming the cupel, the cylinder is filled with the moistened bone ash and the plunger is placed in the cylinder and is compressed by three or four sharp blows from a wooden mallet. The plunger should be rotated one-half turn to free it and smooth the face of the cupel which can then be removed by carefully sliding it out of the cylinder and left to dry. Cupels vary in size according to the weight of the lead button being cupelled. A cupel should be capable of absorbing its own weight of molten litharge. A cupel of 1 in. top diameter can absorb 8 grams of litharge while a 1 1/2 inch top diameter can absorb 28 grams. See Ernest Smith, The Sampling and Assay of the Precious Metals, 1913, J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia) slides/Cupel Mould II.JPG slides/Cupel Mould Ad 1899 John Taylor & Co Catalogue.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 CUPEL MOULD AD - Ad in 1899 John Taylor & Co. catalogue showing the 1 1/4 in. diameter brass cupel mould for $2.25. CUPEL MOULD AD - Ad in 1899 John Taylor & Co. catalogue showing the 1 1/4 in. diameter brass cupel mould for $2.25. slides/Cupel Mould Ad 1899 John Taylor & Co Catalogue.JPG slides/3 and 4 in Davis Anemometers.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 3 AND 4 IN. DAVIS ANEMOMETERS - Biram anemometers were typically offered in 3, 4 and 6 in. dia. options although custom sizes were also available. The two pictured here were both built by the Davis Instrument Co. of Baltimore, MD. The actual diameters for the one on the left is 3 1/4 in and 4 1/4 for the one on the right. Although several manufacturers made anemometers, the Biram anemometers all share a similar configuration and operation. As noted in the 1912 Mine and Smelter Supply Company Catalog No. 24, "portable airmeters (the vane assembly is at a right angle to the dial) and Biram anemometers (as shown here) are for the measurement of air currents in mines, tunnels, etc. The indications are obtained by the means of a delicately poised fan-wheel, the recordings being commenced by the long or central hand, which traverses the outer circumference of the main dial, showing the passage of 100 feet of air in a complete revolution. The usual way of taking a test is to place the instrument in the current in a number of different positions; take the number of feet that have passed during a certain time, for instance, say one minute; then divide the total by the number of readings and obtain the average; multiply that by the square of the opening or channel, and the result is the velocity of air, in feet, passing in a given time." 3 AND 4 IN. DAVIS ANEMOMETERS - Biram anemometers were typically offered in 3, 4 and 6 in. dia. options although custom sizes were also available. The two pictured here were both built by the Davis Instrument Co. of Baltimore, MD. The actual diameters for the one on the left is 3 1/4 in and 4 1/4 for the one on the right. Although several manufacturers made anemometers, the Biram anemometers all share a similar configuration and operation. As noted in the 1912 Mine and Smelter Supply Company Catalog No. 24, "portable airmeters (the vane assembly is at a right angle to the dial) and Biram anemometers (as shown here) are for the measurement of air currents in mines, tunnels, etc. The indications are obtained by the means of a delicately poised fan-wheel, the recordings being commenced by the long or central hand, which traverses the outer circumference of the main dial, showing the passage of 100 feet of air in a complete revolution. The usual way of taking a test is to place the instrument in the current in a number of different positions; take the number of feet that have passed during a certain time, for instance, say one minute; then divide the total by the number of readings and obtain the average; multiply that by the square of the opening or channel, and the result is the velocity of air, in feet, passing in a given time." slides/3 and 4 in Davis Anemometers.JPG slides/3 in Davis Anemometer Front.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 3 IN. DAVIS ANEMOMETER - Mining anemometer, 3 1/4 in. dia. to outer edge of frame with 1 5/8 in. dia. glass-covered dial with tens, and two smaller dials for hundreds and thousands counters, marked DAVIS INSTRUMENT MFG. CO. BALTIMORE MD, with counter on/off lever and counter reset thumbwheel, frame is all brass and includes 8 aluminum vanes (The anemometer was invented and named by Benjamin Biram in 1844. Biram was house steward to the Earl Fitzwilliam of Wentworth Woodhouse who owned a number of collieries in South Yorkshire, England. John Davis & Son Ltd. of Derby manufactured the first Biram anemometer in 1845. The anemometer is an instrument designed to measure the flow or speed of air and was used in the ventilation of mine shafts. As shown, a vaned propeller is attached to a dial that records the number of turns that it makes over a period of time and converts this reading into a measurement of air speed. In deep coal mines, the gases given off by the coal can accumulate in the mine passages and become concentrated. When this happens, the slightest spark can set off an explosion. To prevent this happening, big fans are used at the pit top to draw fresh air around the mine and take the gas away to the surface. Anemometers were used by the Mine Deputies every day to check that there was a sufficient flow of fresh air throughout the whole mine. This anemometer was manufacturered by the Davis Instrument Mfg. Co. of Baltimore. A discussion of the John Davis & Son Ltd. company of Derby, England is included with a Davis safety lamp in my safety lamp section. The Davis Instrument Mfg. Co. was started by Herbert Davis, one of seven sons of John Davis, in 1912. Herbert had been contracted by the John Davis & Son Ltd. to establish a branch office in the US to sell Davis Derby products. The venture proved to be extremely successful with Herbert and later his son Alfred managing the company into the late 1960s until Alfred's death. The company was sold to new owners and continues in business today. Early anemometers are highly prized by both mining artifact and scientific instrument collectors. See David J. Hind, Davis Derby-A History of Engineering, Mining History: The Bulletin of the Peak Mines Historical Society, Vol. 14, No. 2, Winter 1999) 3 IN. DAVIS ANEMOMETER - Mining anemometer, 3 1/4 in. dia. to outer edge of frame with 1 5/8 in. dia. glass-covered dial with tens, and two smaller dials for hundreds and thousands counters, marked DAVIS INSTRUMENT MFG. CO. BALTIMORE MD, with counter on/off lever and counter reset thumbwheel, frame is all brass and includes 8 aluminum vanes (The anemometer was invented and named by Benjamin Biram in 1844. Biram was house steward to the Earl Fitzwilliam of Wentworth Woodhouse who owned a number of collieries in South Yorkshire, England. John Davis & Son Ltd. of Derby manufactured the first Biram anemometer in 1845. The anemometer is an instrument designed to measure the flow or speed of air and was used in the ventilation of mine shafts. As shown, a vaned propeller is attached to a dial that records the number of turns that it makes over a period of time and converts this reading into a measurement of air speed. In deep coal mines, the gases given off by the coal can accumulate in the mine passages and become concentrated. When this happens, the slightest spark can set off an explosion. To prevent this happening, big fans are used at the pit top to draw fresh air around the mine and take the gas away to the surface. Anemometers were used by the Mine Deputies every day to check that there was a sufficient flow of fresh air throughout the whole mine. This anemometer was manufacturered by the Davis Instrument Mfg. Co. of Baltimore. A discussion of the John Davis & Son Ltd. company of Derby, England is included with a Davis safety lamp in my safety lamp section. The Davis Instrument Mfg. Co. was started by Herbert Davis, one of seven sons of John Davis, in 1912. Herbert had been contracted by the John Davis & Son Ltd. to establish a branch office in the US to sell Davis Derby products. The venture proved to be extremely successful with Herbert and later his son Alfred managing the company into the late 1960s until Alfred's death. The company was sold to new owners and continues in business today. Early anemometers are highly prized by both mining artifact and scientific instrument collectors. See David J. Hind, Davis Derby-A History of Engineering, Mining History: The Bulletin of the Peak Mines Historical Society, Vol. 14, No. 2, Winter 1999) slides/3 in Davis Anemometer Front.JPG slides/3 in Davis Anemometer Back.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 3 IN. DAVIS ANEMOMETER - Mining anemometer, 3 1/4 in. dia. to outer edge of frame with 1 5/8 in. dia. glass-covered dial with tens, and two smaller dials for hundreds and thousands counters, marked DAVIS INSTRUMENT MFG. CO. BALTIMORE MD, with counter on/off lever and counter reset thumbwheel, frame is all brass and includes 8 aluminum vanes (The anemometer was invented and named by Benjamin Biram in 1844. Biram was house steward to the Earl Fitzwilliam of Wentworth Woodhouse who owned a number of collieries in South Yorkshire, England. John Davis & Son Ltd. of Derby manufactured the first Biram anemometer in 1845. The anemometer is an instrument designed to measure the flow or speed of air and was used in the ventilation of mine shafts. As shown, a vaned propeller is attached to a dial that records the number of turns that it makes over a period of time and converts this reading into a measurement of air speed. In deep coal mines, the gases given off by the coal can accumulate in the mine passages and become concentrated. When this happens, the slightest spark can set off an explosion. To prevent this happening, big fans are used at the pit top to draw fresh air around the mine and take the gas away to the surface. Anemometers were used by the Mine Deputies every day to check that there was a sufficient flow of fresh air throughout the whole mine. This anemometer was manufacturered by the Davis Instrument Mfg. Co. of Baltimore. A discussion of the John Davis & Son Ltd. company of Derby, England is included with a Davis safety lamp in my safety lamp section. The Davis Instrument Mfg. Co. was started by Herbert Davis, one of seven sons of John Davis, in 1912. Herbert had been contracted by the John Davis & Son Ltd. to establish a branch office in the US to sell Davis Derby products. The venture proved to be extremely successful with Herbert and later his son Alfred managing the company into the late 1960s until Alfred's death. The company was sold to new owners and continues in business today. Early anemometers are highly prized by both mining artifact and scientific instrument collectors. See David J. Hind, Davis Derby-A History of Engineering, Mining History: The Bulletin of the Peak Mines Historical Society, Vol. 14, No. 2, Winter 1999) 3 IN. DAVIS ANEMOMETER - Mining anemometer, 3 1/4 in. dia. to outer edge of frame with 1 5/8 in. dia. glass-covered dial with tens, and two smaller dials for hundreds and thousands counters, marked DAVIS INSTRUMENT MFG. CO. BALTIMORE MD, with counter on/off lever and counter reset thumbwheel, frame is all brass and includes 8 aluminum vanes (The anemometer was invented and named by Benjamin Biram in 1844. Biram was house steward to the Earl Fitzwilliam of Wentworth Woodhouse who owned a number of collieries in South Yorkshire, England. John Davis & Son Ltd. of Derby manufactured the first Biram anemometer in 1845. The anemometer is an instrument designed to measure the flow or speed of air and was used in the ventilation of mine shafts. As shown, a vaned propeller is attached to a dial that records the number of turns that it makes over a period of time and converts this reading into a measurement of air speed. In deep coal mines, the gases given off by the coal can accumulate in the mine passages and become concentrated. When this happens, the slightest spark can set off an explosion. To prevent this happening, big fans are used at the pit top to draw fresh air around the mine and take the gas away to the surface. Anemometers were used by the Mine Deputies every day to check that there was a sufficient flow of fresh air throughout the whole mine. This anemometer was manufacturered by the Davis Instrument Mfg. Co. of Baltimore. A discussion of the John Davis & Son Ltd. company of Derby, England is included with a Davis safety lamp in my safety lamp section. The Davis Instrument Mfg. Co. was started by Herbert Davis, one of seven sons of John Davis, in 1912. Herbert had been contracted by the John Davis & Son Ltd. to establish a branch office in the US to sell Davis Derby products. The venture proved to be extremely successful with Herbert and later his son Alfred managing the company into the late 1960s until Alfred's death. The company was sold to new owners and continues in business today. Early anemometers are highly prized by both mining artifact and scientific instrument collectors. See David J. Hind, Davis Derby-A History of Engineering, Mining History: The Bulletin of the Peak Mines Historical Society, Vol. 14, No. 2, Winter 1999) slides/3 in Davis Anemometer Back.JPG slides/4 in Davis Anemometer.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 4 IN. DAVIS ANEMOMETER - Mining anemometer, 4 1/4 in. dia. to outer edge of frame with 1 7/8 in. dia. glass-covered dial with tens, hundreds and thousands counters, marked DAVIS INSTRUMENT MFG. CO. BALTIMORE MARYLAND MADE IN THE USA STANDARD, with counter on/off and counter reset levers, frame is brass with black paint and includes 8 aluminum vanes (The anemometer was invented and named by Benjamin Biram in 1844. Biram was house steward to the Earl Fitzwilliam of Wentworth Woodhouse who owned a number of collieries in South Yorkshire, England. John Davis & Son Ltd. of Derby manufactured the first Biram anemometer in 1845. The anemometer is an instrument designed to measure the flow or speed of air and was used in the ventilation of mine shafts. As shown, a vaned propeller is attached to a dial that records the number of turns that it makes over a period of time and converts this reading into a measurement of air speed. In deep coal mines, the gases given off by the coal can accumulate in the mine passages and become concentrated. When this happens, the slightest spark can set off an explosion. To prevent this happening, big fans are used at the pit top to draw fresh air around the mine and take the gas away to the surface. Anemometers were used by the Mine Deputies every day to check that there was a sufficient flow of fresh air throughout the whole mine. This anemometer was manufacturered by the Davis Instrument Mfg. Co. of Baltimore. A discussion of the John Davis & Son Ltd. company of Derby, England is included with a Davis safety lamp in my safety lamp section. The Davis Instrument Mfg. Co. was started by Herbert Davis, one of seven sons of John Davis, in 1912. Herbert had been contracted by the John Davis & Son Ltd. to establish a branch office in the US to sell Davis Derby products. The venture proved to be extremely successful with Herbert and later his son Alfred managing the company into the late 1960s until Alfred's death. The company was sold to new owners and continues in business today. Early anemometers are highly prized by both mining artifact and scientific instrument collectors. See David J. Hind, Davis Derby-A History of Engineering, Mining History: The Bulletin of the Peak Mines Historical Society, Vol. 14, No. 2, Winter 1999) 4 IN. DAVIS ANEMOMETER - Mining anemometer, 4 1/4 in. dia. to outer edge of frame with 1 7/8 in. dia. glass-covered dial with tens, hundreds and thousands counters, marked DAVIS INSTRUMENT MFG. CO. BALTIMORE MARYLAND MADE IN THE USA STANDARD, with counter on/off and counter reset levers, frame is brass with black paint and includes 8 aluminum vanes (The anemometer was invented and named by Benjamin Biram in 1844. Biram was house steward to the Earl Fitzwilliam of Wentworth Woodhouse who owned a number of collieries in South Yorkshire, England. John Davis & Son Ltd. of Derby manufactured the first Biram anemometer in 1845. The anemometer is an instrument designed to measure the flow or speed of air and was used in the ventilation of mine shafts. As shown, a vaned propeller is attached to a dial that records the number of turns that it makes over a period of time and converts this reading into a measurement of air speed. In deep coal mines, the gases given off by the coal can accumulate in the mine passages and become concentrated. When this happens, the slightest spark can set off an explosion. To prevent this happening, big fans are used at the pit top to draw fresh air around the mine and take the gas away to the surface. Anemometers were used by the Mine Deputies every day to check that there was a sufficient flow of fresh air throughout the whole mine. This anemometer was manufacturered by the Davis Instrument Mfg. Co. of Baltimore. A discussion of the John Davis & Son Ltd. company of Derby, England is included with a Davis safety lamp in my safety lamp section. The Davis Instrument Mfg. Co. was started by Herbert Davis, one of seven sons of John Davis, in 1912. Herbert had been contracted by the John Davis & Son Ltd. to establish a branch office in the US to sell Davis Derby products. The venture proved to be extremely successful with Herbert and later his son Alfred managing the company into the late 1960s until Alfred's death. The company was sold to new owners and continues in business today. Early anemometers are highly prized by both mining artifact and scientific instrument collectors. See David J. Hind, Davis Derby-A History of Engineering, Mining History: The Bulletin of the Peak Mines Historical Society, Vol. 14, No. 2, Winter 1999) slides/4 in Davis Anemometer.JPG slides/Fancy Ore Pick.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 FANCY ORE PICK - Fancy hand forged ore/clay/railroad type pick, 18 in. long, with detailed file work and ornate details, appears to be a presentation piece, with captins to show scale; typical railroad, clay and ore picks were at least 22-23 in. long and had a chisel tip at one end and a pointed tip at the other as does this pick; however, this pick is 4-5 in. shorter and appears to be hand forged and worked as a decorative piece that never saw a chunk of ore; a unique piece that I wish could talk FANCY ORE PICK - Fancy hand forged ore/clay/railroad type pick, 18 in. long, with detailed file work and ornate details, appears to be a presentation piece, with captins to show scale; typical railroad, clay and ore picks were at least 22-23 in. long and had a chisel tip at one end and a pointed tip at the other as does this pick; however, this pick is 4-5 in. shorter and appears to be hand forged and worked as a decorative piece that never saw a chunk of ore; a unique piece that I wish could talk slides/Fancy Ore Pick.JPG slides/Findley Mine Cripple Creek.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 FINDLEY GOLD MINING EMBOSSER AND STOCK CERTIFICATE CRIPPLE CREEK - This is a very difficult to put together combination of the Findley Gold Mining Co., Colorado embosser and a stock certificate with the stamped embosser seal; a page out of Hill's 1900 Official Manual of the Cripple Creek District provides details on the Findley Mine; the embosser is marked on bottom Patented May 8, 1883 and Oct. 9, 1883 [Findley operated the Findley and Shurtloff mines located on Bull Hill at Cripple Creek, CO – see Lindgren USGS paper 54]; the stock certificate of The Findley Gold Mining Company stock certificate #2518, 1000 shares, owned by Lindley and Greenwood, dated Dec. 28, 1899, cancelled Mar. 7, 1902, seal embossed with company seal; signed by Geo. Lindley, Pres. FINDLEY GOLD MINING EMBOSSER AND STOCK CERTIFICATE CRIPPLE CREEK - This is a very difficult to put together combination of the Findley Gold Mining Co., Colorado embosser and a stock certificate with the stamped embosser seal; a page out of Hill's 1900 Official Manual of the Cripple Creek District provides details on the Findley Mine; the embosser is marked on bottom Patented May 8, 1883 and Oct. 9, 1883 [Findley operated the Findley and Shurtloff mines located on Bull Hill at Cripple Creek, CO – see Lindgren USGS paper 54]; the stock certificate of The Findley Gold Mining Company stock certificate #2518, 1000 shares, owned by Lindley and Greenwood, dated Dec. 28, 1899, cancelled Mar. 7, 1902, seal embossed with company seal; signed by Geo. Lindley, Pres. slides/Findley Mine Cripple Creek.JPG slides/Free Coinage Gold Mining Co Cripple Creek.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 FREE COINAGE GOLD MINING STOCK CERTIFICATE CRIPPLE CREEK - Free Coinage Gold Mining Co. 500 shares, January 1893, hand cancel April 5, 1893, 8 in. x 10 ¼ in., owned Pinto, Rising Sun, Bison #2, and Pueblo on Bull Hill, Cripple Creek, CO, certificate signed by S. J. Altman, President who later had town of Altman named after him as highest incorporated town in the world FREE COINAGE GOLD MINING STOCK CERTIFICATE CRIPPLE CREEK - Free Coinage Gold Mining Co. 500 shares, January 1893, hand cancel April 5, 1893, 8 in. x 10 ¼ in., owned Pinto, Rising Sun, Bison #2, and Pueblo on Bull Hill, Cripple Creek, CO, certificate signed by S. J. Altman, President who later had town of Altman named after him as highest incorporated town in the world slides/Free Coinage Gold Mining Co Cripple Creek.jpg slides/Funk Bros Patent Pick.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 FUNK BROS. PICK HEAD - Steel coal pick head, 8 ¼ in. from tip to tip, marked FUNK BROS. CHICAGO HEIGHTS ILL and 114 on pick head (The Funk Bros. catalog ca. 1906 features this pick as the Funk Bros Patent Pick and No. 114 as a square drawn cutting pick of solid one-piece steel; the catalog arguably notes that “this is the best patent pick ever put on the market;” the pick serves as an interesting tangential piece to the rare Funk Bros. marked carbide lamp eagerly sought by collectors; in 1913, Grier Bros. began to manufacture a lamp that was virtually identical to a lamp made by Baldwin; the imitation lamp was also privately labeled for other mine supply companies, including The Hardsocg Co., What Cheer Tool Co. and Funk Bros. Mfg. Co. In 1914, Baldwin sued Grier Bros. for patent infringement, won the suit and forced Grier Bros. to modify the lamp, thus establishing the rarity of these private label lamps; see Thorpe, Carbide Light, pp 180-181) FUNK BROS. PICK HEAD - Steel coal pick head, 8 ¼ in. from tip to tip, marked FUNK BROS. CHICAGO HEIGHTS ILL and 114 on pick head (The Funk Bros. catalog ca. 1906 features this pick as the Funk Bros Patent Pick and No. 114 as a square drawn cutting pick of solid one-piece steel; the catalog arguably notes that “this is the best patent pick ever put on the market;” the pick serves as an interesting tangential piece to the rare Funk Bros. marked carbide lamp eagerly sought by collectors; in 1913, Grier Bros. began to manufacture a lamp that was virtually identical to a lamp made by Baldwin; the imitation lamp was also privately labeled for other mine supply companies, including The Hardsocg Co., What Cheer Tool Co. and Funk Bros. Mfg. Co. In 1914, Baldwin sued Grier Bros. for patent infringement, won the suit and forced Grier Bros. to modify the lamp, thus establishing the rarity of these private label lamps; see Thorpe, Carbide Light, pp 180-181) slides/Funk Bros Patent Pick.JPG slides/Gem Oil Cadger.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 GEM OIL FLASK - Steel flask for holding lubricating oil for the drilling machines in the mines, 4 ¼ in. dia, marked GEM MFG. CO. PITTSBURGH, PA, ex-Henry Pohs Collection GEM OIL FLASK - Steel flask for holding lubricating oil for the drilling machines in the mines, 4 ¼ in. dia, marked GEM MFG. CO. PITTSBURGH, PA, ex-Henry Pohs Collection slides/Gem Oil Cadger.JPG slides/Gold Scale.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 GOLD SCALE - Antique scale with walnut cabinet, cabinet 9in W x 2 ¼in H, brass scale 10in H, found in Shasta, CA area GOLD SCALE - Antique scale with walnut cabinet, cabinet 9in W x 2 ¼in H, brass scale 10in H, found in Shasta, CA area slides/Gold Scale.JPG slides/Calkins 20 oz Mold.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 CALKINS 20 OZ SILVER MOLD - Iron gold and silver bar mold, marked THE CALKINS CO. L A. CAL along edge with 20 OZ S. on lower edge, outside measurements 5 1/2 in. long by 2 7/8 in. across top and 1 3/4 in. high, inside 3 in. by 1 3/4 in. by 1 1/4 in. deep, weighs 3 lbs. (The Calkins Co. of Los Angeles, CA was a supplier of assaying equipment around the turn of the century. The 1909 Calkins Company catalog, pg. 160 lists this mold with a capacity of 20 oz. silver or 48 oz. gold and cost $0.50.) CALKINS 20 OZ SILVER MOLD - Iron gold and silver bar mold, marked THE CALKINS CO. L A. CAL along edge with 20 OZ S. on lower edge, outside measurements 5 1/2 in. long by 2 7/8 in. across top and 1 3/4 in. high, inside 3 in. by 1 3/4 in. by 1 1/4 in. deep, weighs 3 lbs. (The Calkins Co. of Los Angeles, CA was a supplier of assaying equipment around the turn of the century. The 1909 Calkins Company catalog, pg. 160 lists this mold with a capacity of 20 oz. silver or 48 oz. gold and cost $0.50.) slides/Calkins 20 oz Mold.JPG slides/Calkins 20 oz Mold and Lamp.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 CALKINS 20 OZ SILVER MOLD - Iron gold and silver bar mold, marked THE CALKINS CO. L A. CAL along edge with 20 OZ S. on lower edge, outside measurements 5 1/2 in. long by 2 7/8 in. across top and 1 3/4 in. high, inside 3 in. by 1 3/4 in. by 1 1/4 in. deep, weighs 3 lbs., carbide cap lamp shown for scale (The Calkins Co. of Los Angeles, CA was a supplier of assaying equipment around the turn of the century. The 1909 Calkins Company catalog, pg. 160 lists this mold with a capacity of 20 oz. silver or 48 oz. gold and cost $0.50.) CALKINS 20 OZ SILVER MOLD - Iron gold and silver bar mold, marked THE CALKINS CO. L A. CAL along edge with 20 OZ S. on lower edge, outside measurements 5 1/2 in. long by 2 7/8 in. across top and 1 3/4 in. high, inside 3 in. by 1 3/4 in. by 1 1/4 in. deep, weighs 3 lbs., carbide cap lamp shown for scale (The Calkins Co. of Los Angeles, CA was a supplier of assaying equipment around the turn of the century. The 1909 Calkins Company catalog, pg. 160 lists this mold with a capacity of 20 oz. silver or 48 oz. gold and cost $0.50.) slides/Calkins 20 oz Mold and Lamp.JPG slides/Gold-Silver Mold - Calkins Marking.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 CALKINS COMPANY MOLD - Iron gold and silver bar mold, marked THE CALKINS CO. L A. CAL along top edge with 40-OZ S. on lower edge, outside measurements: 7 1/2 in. long by 2 3/4 in. across top and 2 in. high; inside: 4 1/16 in. by 1 11/16 in. by 1 1/2 in. deep, weighs 4 lbs. [The Calkins Co. of Los Angeles, CA was a supplier of assaying equipment around the turn of the century. This mold was purchased by the previous owner at The Barn Antiques, Saratoga, CA on 1/19/64. Both the 1909 Calkins Company Catalogue, pg. 160, and the 1911 Justinian Caire catalog, pg. 185, list this mold with a capacity of 40 oz. silver or 96 oz. gold at a cost of $0.75. Scans of the 1909 Calkins Company Catalogue are shown in my catalog section. The Los Angeles Business Directories show The Calkins Co. was formed shortly after 1900 with Justinian Caire of San Francisco as president, Charles Weir as vice president, and H. J. Parsons as the store manager. The listings show the company sold assayers supplies, chemicals, and zinc shavings and was located at 348 N. Main St. in Los Angeles in 1909. The 1920 Los Angeles Business Directory lists the address at that time at 934 S. Main St. As shown in the next pic, a letterhead for the Justinian Caire Co. of San Francisco on a letter dated March 10, 1909 to Mr. A. A. Heeser of the Mendocino Beacon and signed by Justinian Caire also lists The Calkins Co. on the letterhead suggesting ownership of the company by the Caire Co.] CALKINS COMPANY MOLD - Iron gold and silver bar mold, marked THE CALKINS CO. L A. CAL along top edge with 40-OZ S. on lower edge, outside measurements: 7 1/2 in. long by 2 3/4 in. across top and 2 in. high; inside: 4 1/16 in. by 1 11/16 in. by 1 1/2 in. deep, weighs 4 lbs. [The Calkins Co. of Los Angeles, CA was a supplier of assaying equipment around the turn of the century. This mold was purchased by the previous owner at The Barn Antiques, Saratoga, CA on 1/19/64. Both the 1909 Calkins Company Catalogue, pg. 160, and the 1911 Justinian Caire catalog, pg. 185, list this mold with a capacity of 40 oz. silver or 96 oz. gold at a cost of $0.75. Scans of the 1909 Calkins Company Catalogue are shown in my catalog section. The Los Angeles Business Directories show The Calkins Co. was formed shortly after 1900 with Justinian Caire of San Francisco as president, Charles Weir as vice president, and H. J. Parsons as the store manager. The listings show the company sold assayers supplies, chemicals, and zinc shavings and was located at 348 N. Main St. in Los Angeles in 1909. The 1920 Los Angeles Business Directory lists the address at that time at 934 S. Main St. As shown in the next pic, a letterhead for the Justinian Caire Co. of San Francisco on a letter dated March 10, 1909 to Mr. A. A. Heeser of the Mendocino Beacon and signed by Justinian Caire also lists The Calkins Co. on the letterhead suggesting ownership of the company by the Caire Co.] slides/Gold-Silver Mold - Calkins Marking.JPG slides/Justinian Caire Co..html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 slides/Justinian Caire Co..jpg slides/Gold-Silver Mold - Calkins.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 CALKINS COMPANY MOLD - Iron gold and silver bar mold, marked THE CALKINS CO. L A. CAL along top edge with 40-OZ S. on lower edge, outside measurements: 7 1/2 in. long by 2 3/4 in. across top and 2 in. high; inside: 4 1/16 in. by 1 11/16 in. by 1 1/2 in. deep, weighs 4 lbs., carbide cap lamp shown for scale [The Calkins Co. of Los Angeles, CA was a supplier of assaying equipment around the turn of the century. This mold was purchased by the previous owner at The Barn Antiques, Saratoga, CA on 1/19/64. Both the 1909 Calkins Company Catalogue, pg. 160, and the 1911 Justinian Caire catalog, pg. 185, list this mold with a capacity of 40 oz. silver or 96 oz. gold at a cost of $0.75. Scans of the 1909 Calkins Company Catalogue are shown in my catalog section. The Los Angeles Business Directories show The Calkins Co. was formed shortly after 1900 with Justinian Caire of San Francisco as president, Charles Weir as vice president, and H. J. Parsons as the store manager. The listings show the company sold assayers supplies, chemicals, and zinc shavings and was located at 348 N. Main St. in Los Angeles in 1909. The 1920 Los Angeles Business Directory lists the address at that time at 934 S. Main St. As shown in the next pic, a letterhead for the Justinian Caire Co. of San Francisco on a letter dated March 10, 1909 to Mr. A. A. Heeser of the Mendocino Beacon and signed by Justinian Caire also lists The Calkins Co. on the letterhead suggesting ownership of the company by the Caire Co.] CALKINS COMPANY MOLD - Iron gold and silver bar mold, marked THE CALKINS CO. L A. CAL along top edge with 40-OZ S. on lower edge, outside measurements: 7 1/2 in. long by 2 3/4 in. across top and 2 in. high; inside: 4 1/16 in. by 1 11/16 in. by 1 1/2 in. deep, weighs 4 lbs., carbide cap lamp shown for scale [The Calkins Co. of Los Angeles, CA was a supplier of assaying equipment around the turn of the century. This mold was purchased by the previous owner at The Barn Antiques, Saratoga, CA on 1/19/64. Both the 1909 Calkins Company Catalogue, pg. 160, and the 1911 Justinian Caire catalog, pg. 185, list this mold with a capacity of 40 oz. silver or 96 oz. gold at a cost of $0.75. Scans of the 1909 Calkins Company Catalogue are shown in my catalog section. The Los Angeles Business Directories show The Calkins Co. was formed shortly after 1900 with Justinian Caire of San Francisco as president, Charles Weir as vice president, and H. J. Parsons as the store manager. The listings show the company sold assayers supplies, chemicals, and zinc shavings and was located at 348 N. Main St. in Los Angeles in 1909. The 1920 Los Angeles Business Directory lists the address at that time at 934 S. Main St. As shown in the next pic, a letterhead for the Justinian Caire Co. of San Francisco on a letter dated March 10, 1909 to Mr. A. A. Heeser of the Mendocino Beacon and signed by Justinian Caire also lists The Calkins Co. on the letterhead suggesting ownership of the company by the Caire Co.] slides/Gold-Silver Mold - Calkins.JPG slides/F W Braun & Co 1901 Mines and Minerals.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 F W BRAUN & CO AD - Ad in the 1901 Mines and Minerals Magazine for the F W Braun & Co. ore crushers and pulverizers for assaying work F W BRAUN & CO AD - Ad in the 1901 Mines and Minerals Magazine for the F W Braun & Co. ore crushers and pulverizers for assaying work slides/F W Braun & Co 1901 Mines and Minerals.JPG slides/Gold-Silver Mold - Braun Marking.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 F. W. BRAUN MOLD - Iron gold and silver bar mold, marked F. W. BRAUN. along top edge with 140 OZ S. 260 OZ G., outside measurements 10 5/8 in. long by 4 1/2 in. across top and 3 in. deep, inside 5 3/4 in. by 3 3/8 in. by 2 1/4 in. deep, weighs 13 lbs., traces of silver on inside (Frederick W. Braun was running a successful business serving the mining, assay and laboratory communities around the turn of the 20th century. Braun merged his company with the San Francisco based John Taylor Company in 1902. After surviving the Great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906, when nearly the entire company's inventory was destroyed, Braun moved into new business ventures. In 1908 Braun severed his ties with the F. W. Braun Corporation and joined with Gustav Knecht and Richard Heimann, two long-time Braun employees, to form Braun-Knecht-Heimann (B-K-H). Heimann outlived both Braun and Knecht and ran the company through World War II. In 1950 Heimann retired and sold B-K-H to George Van Waters and Nat Rogers. Van Waters and Rogers (VWR) had been in business since 1924 in downtown Seattle and had been a major distributor of B-K-H since 1930. In 1953, VWR purchased the F. W. Braun Company, then known as the Braun Chemical Company. Today, VWR International still continues in business with headquarters in West Chester, PA.) F. W. BRAUN MOLD - Iron gold and silver bar mold, marked F. W. BRAUN. along top edge with 140 OZ S. 260 OZ G., outside measurements 10 5/8 in. long by 4 1/2 in. across top and 3 in. deep, inside 5 3/4 in. by 3 3/8 in. by 2 1/4 in. deep, weighs 13 lbs., traces of silver on inside (Frederick W. Braun was running a successful business serving the mining, assay and laboratory communities around the turn of the 20th century. Braun merged his company with the San Francisco based John Taylor Company in 1902. After surviving the Great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906, when nearly the entire company's inventory was destroyed, Braun moved into new business ventures. In 1908 Braun severed his ties with the F. W. Braun Corporation and joined with Gustav Knecht and Richard Heimann, two long-time Braun employees, to form Braun-Knecht-Heimann (B-K-H). Heimann outlived both Braun and Knecht and ran the company through World War II. In 1950 Heimann retired and sold B-K-H to George Van Waters and Nat Rogers. Van Waters and Rogers (VWR) had been in business since 1924 in downtown Seattle and had been a major distributor of B-K-H since 1930. In 1953, VWR purchased the F. W. Braun Company, then known as the Braun Chemical Company. Today, VWR International still continues in business with headquarters in West Chester, PA.) slides/Gold-Silver Mold - Braun Marking.JPG slides/Gold-Silver Mold - Braun.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 F. W. BRAUN MOLD - Iron gold and silver bar mold, marked F. W. BRAUN. along top edge with 140 OZ S. 260 OZ G., outside measurements 10 5/8 in. long by 4 1/2 in. across top and 3 in. deep, inside 5 3/4 in. by 3 3/8 in. by 2 1/4 in. deep, weighs 13 lbs., traces of silver on inside, carbide cap lamp shown for scale (Frederick W. Braun was running a successful business serving the mining, assay and laboratory communities around the turn of the 20th century. Braun merged his company with the San Francisco based John Taylor Company in 1902. After surviving the Great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906, when nearly the entire company's inventory was destroyed, Braun moved into new business ventures. In 1908 Braun severed his ties with the F. W. Braun Corporation and joined with Gustav Knecht and Richard Heimann, two long-time Braun employees, to form Braun-Knecht-Heimann (B-K-H). Heimann outlived both Braun and Knecht and ran the company through World War II. In 1950 Heimann retired and sold B-K-H to George Van Waters and Nat Rogers. Van Waters and Rogers (VWR) had been in business since 1924 in downtown Seattle and had been a major distributor of B-K-H since 1930. In 1953, VWR purchased the F. W. Braun Company, then known as the Braun Chemical Company. Today, VWR International still continues in business with headquarters in West Chester, PA.) F. W. BRAUN MOLD - Iron gold and silver bar mold, marked F. W. BRAUN. along top edge with 140 OZ S. 260 OZ G., outside measurements 10 5/8 in. long by 4 1/2 in. across top and 3 in. deep, inside 5 3/4 in. by 3 3/8 in. by 2 1/4 in. deep, weighs 13 lbs., traces of silver on inside, carbide cap lamp shown for scale (Frederick W. Braun was running a successful business serving the mining, assay and laboratory communities around the turn of the 20th century. Braun merged his company with the San Francisco based John Taylor Company in 1902. After surviving the Great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906, when nearly the entire company's inventory was destroyed, Braun moved into new business ventures. In 1908 Braun severed his ties with the F. W. Braun Corporation and joined with Gustav Knecht and Richard Heimann, two long-time Braun employees, to form Braun-Knecht-Heimann (B-K-H). Heimann outlived both Braun and Knecht and ran the company through World War II. In 1950 Heimann retired and sold B-K-H to George Van Waters and Nat Rogers. Van Waters and Rogers (VWR) had been in business since 1924 in downtown Seattle and had been a major distributor of B-K-H since 1930. In 1953, VWR purchased the F. W. Braun Company, then known as the Braun Chemical Company. Today, VWR International still continues in business with headquarters in West Chester, PA.) slides/Gold-Silver Mold - Braun.JPG slides/Gold-Silver Mold - Foundry Marked.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 FOUNDRY MARKED MOLD - Iron gold and silver bar mold, marked on bottom with foundry mold number 596 863 31, no markings on top or sides, outside measurements 14 3/4 in. long by 5 1/8 in. across top and 4 1/2 in. deep, inside 9 1/4 in. long by 4 1/8 in. wide by 3 3/4 in. deep, weighs 25 lbs., shown with carbide cap lamp for scale (acquired from an antique sale in Placerville, CA in 1990s) FOUNDRY MARKED MOLD - Iron gold and silver bar mold, marked on bottom with foundry mold number 596 863 31, no markings on top or sides, outside measurements 14 3/4 in. long by 5 1/8 in. across top and 4 1/2 in. deep, inside 9 1/4 in. long by 4 1/8 in. wide by 3 3/4 in. deep, weighs 25 lbs., shown with carbide cap lamp for scale (acquired from an antique sale in Placerville, CA in 1990s) slides/Gold-Silver Mold - Foundry Marked.JPG slides/John Taylor & Co May 1902 Engineering and Mining Journal.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 JOHN TAYLOR ASSAYERS SUPPLY AD - Ad for the John Taylor & Co Mine and Mill Supplies in the May 1902 Engineering and Mining Journal JOHN TAYLOR ASSAYERS SUPPLY AD - Ad for the John Taylor & Co Mine and Mill Supplies in the May 1902 Engineering and Mining Journal slides/John Taylor & Co May 1902 Engineering and Mining Journal.JPG slides/Gold-Silver Mold - Taylor.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 JOHN TAYLOR & COMPANY MOLD - Iron gold and silver ingot mold, marked JOHN TAYLOR & CO. S. F. 1000 OZ. on side of mold, inside measurements 11 1/4 in. long by 5 in. across top and 5 in. deep, outside measurements 18 1/2 in. long by 7 in. wide by 6 1/8 in. high, weighs 70 lbs., carbide cap lamp shown for scale (John Taylor & Co. of San Francisco, CA was a major supplier of assayer, mine and mill supplies during the California Gold Rush period; established in 1852, the company first shows up in the 1852-53 San Francisco Business Directory; the company was incorporated in California in Oct. 1895; a June 1899 mining supply catalog, seventh edition, for the John Taylor & Co. is in the collections of the University of California Berkeley Library and is shown in the catalog section of my website (this mold is listed as 1000 oz. of gold and 683 oz. of silver on p 66); located in the Union Foundry Block, corner of First and Mission Streets, San Francisco, Taylor as well as J. Caire of San Francisco were major mining hardware suppliers that fueled the needs of the Mother Lode from the mid 1800s to early 1900s. John Taylor retired around 1902 and his brother merged the business with the F. W. Braun Company noted elsewhere in my pics.) JOHN TAYLOR & COMPANY MOLD - Iron gold and silver ingot mold, marked JOHN TAYLOR & CO. S. F. 1000 OZ. on side of mold, inside measurements 11 1/4 in. long by 5 in. across top and 5 in. deep, outside measurements 18 1/2 in. long by 7 in. wide by 6 1/8 in. high, weighs 70 lbs., carbide cap lamp shown for scale (John Taylor & Co. of San Francisco, CA was a major supplier of assayer, mine and mill supplies during the California Gold Rush period; established in 1852, the company first shows up in the 1852-53 San Francisco Business Directory; the company was incorporated in California in Oct. 1895; a June 1899 mining supply catalog, seventh edition, for the John Taylor & Co. is in the collections of the University of California Berkeley Library and is shown in the catalog section of my website (this mold is listed as 1000 oz. of gold and 683 oz. of silver on p 66); located in the Union Foundry Block, corner of First and Mission Streets, San Francisco, Taylor as well as J. Caire of San Francisco were major mining hardware suppliers that fueled the needs of the Mother Lode from the mid 1800s to early 1900s. John Taylor retired around 1902 and his brother merged the business with the F. W. Braun Company noted elsewhere in my pics.) slides/Gold-Silver Mold - Taylor.JPG slides/Gold Sample Kit with Assay Reports.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 GOLD SAMPLE KIT - Miners’ gold sample kit from the estate of George R. Noble of Spokane, WA; kit includes specimen bottles in a leather case 7 1/4 x 3 1/2 x 1 3/4 in., most include small amounts of gold flakes and small nuggets; three gold specimens in matrix and 1 cm gold nugget included along with newspaper articles on Noble’s mining ventures and several assay reports from 1916-17 and later on gold samples thought to be included with kit (George R. Noble was a mining entrepreneur in the early 1900s with gold mining investments from Alaska to the northwestern US. During the late 1920s and early 1930s he organized the Silver Basin Consolidated Mining Co. and Humboldt Mining and Milling Co. in the Coeur d’Alenes of Idaho and a placer mining operation near Marcus, WA on a bar of the Columbia River.) GOLD SAMPLE KIT - Miners’ gold sample kit from the estate of George R. Noble of Spokane, WA; kit includes specimen bottles in a leather case 7 1/4 x 3 1/2 x 1 3/4 in., most include small amounts of gold flakes and small nuggets; three gold specimens in matrix and 1 cm gold nugget included along with newspaper articles on Noble’s mining ventures and several assay reports from 1916-17 and later on gold samples thought to be included with kit (George R. Noble was a mining entrepreneur in the early 1900s with gold mining investments from Alaska to the northwestern US. During the late 1920s and early 1930s he organized the Silver Basin Consolidated Mining Co. and Humboldt Mining and Milling Co. in the Coeur d’Alenes of Idaho and a placer mining operation near Marcus, WA on a bar of the Columbia River.) slides/Gold Sample Kit with Assay Reports.jpg slides/Gold Sample Kit.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 GOLD SAMPLE KIT - Miners’ gold sample kit from the estate of George R. Noble of Spokane, WA; kit includes specimen bottles in a leather case 7 1/4 x 3 1/2 x 1 3/4 in., most include small amounts of gold flakes and small nuggets; three gold specimens in matrix and 1 cm gold nugget included along with newspaper articles on Noble’s mining ventures and several assay reports from 1916-17 and later on gold samples thought to be included with kit (George R. Noble was a mining entrepreneur in the early 1900s with gold mining investments from Alaska to the northwestern US. During the late 1920s and early 1930s he organized the Silver Basin Consolidated Mining Co. and Humboldt Mining and Milling Co. in the Coeur d’Alenes of Idaho and a placer mining operation near Marcus, WA on a bar of the Columbia River.) GOLD SAMPLE KIT - Miners’ gold sample kit from the estate of George R. Noble of Spokane, WA; kit includes specimen bottles in a leather case 7 1/4 x 3 1/2 x 1 3/4 in., most include small amounts of gold flakes and small nuggets; three gold specimens in matrix and 1 cm gold nugget included along with newspaper articles on Noble’s mining ventures and several assay reports from 1916-17 and later on gold samples thought to be included with kit (George R. Noble was a mining entrepreneur in the early 1900s with gold mining investments from Alaska to the northwestern US. During the late 1920s and early 1930s he organized the Silver Basin Consolidated Mining Co. and Humboldt Mining and Milling Co. in the Coeur d’Alenes of Idaho and a placer mining operation near Marcus, WA on a bar of the Columbia River.) slides/Gold Sample Kit.jpg slides/Goodwin Mining Candles.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 GOODWIN MINING CANDLE BOX END - Side of a miners candle box marked GOODWIN M’F’G CO. STEARIC WAX MINING CANDLES ST. LOUIS, MO. USA, circa 1890s, 9 in. H x 16 in. L; found in lower level of a very dry underground gold/silver mine in the Reveille Range, southwest of Tonapah, Nevada in the late 1970s; Goodwin was a very large supplier of mining candles in the western US; Goodwin candles were very hard and supplied in both 8 and 10 in. lengths, wrapped 6 to a bundle in 20# and 40# boxes; see article in Mining Artifact Collector #1, p 12; shown with highgrader candlestick GOODWIN MINING CANDLE BOX END - Side of a miners candle box marked GOODWIN M’F’G CO. STEARIC WAX MINING CANDLES ST. LOUIS, MO. USA, circa 1890s, 9 in. H x 16 in. L; found in lower level of a very dry underground gold/silver mine in the Reveille Range, southwest of Tonapah, Nevada in the late 1970s; Goodwin was a very large supplier of mining candles in the western US; Goodwin candles were very hard and supplied in both 8 and 10 in. lengths, wrapped 6 to a bundle in 20# and 40# boxes; see article in Mining Artifact Collector #1, p 12; shown with highgrader candlestick slides/Goodwin Mining Candles.JPG slides/Gurley Transit.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 GURLEY SURVEYOR'S TRANSIT - Wood cased W. and L. E. Gurley surveyor's transit with labels and plumb bob, from Montana mining engineer’s estate, excellent working condition GURLEY SURVEYOR'S TRANSIT - Wood cased W. and L. E. Gurley surveyor's transit with labels and plumb bob, from Montana mining engineer’s estate, excellent working condition slides/Gurley Transit.JPG slides/Hardsocg Watch Fob Front.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 HARDSOCG WATCH FOB - Brass Hardsocg watch fob, original strap and buckle, marked on front TRADE MARK REGISTERED IMPERIAL MADE AT HARDSOCG SHOPS PITTSBURGH PA. and marked on back THE MARTIN HARDSOCG CO. PITTSBURGH, PA., 1 5/8 in. x 1 1/2 in. HARDSOCG WATCH FOB - Brass Hardsocg watch fob, original strap and buckle, marked on front TRADE MARK REGISTERED IMPERIAL MADE AT HARDSOCG SHOPS PITTSBURGH PA. and marked on back THE MARTIN HARDSOCG CO. PITTSBURGH, PA., 1 5/8 in. x 1 1/2 in. slides/Hardsocg Watch Fob Front.jpg slides/Hardsocg Watch Fob Back.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 HARDSOCG WATCH FOB - Brass Hardsocg watch fob, original strap and buckle, marked on front TRADE MARK REGISTERED IMPERIAL MADE AT HARDSOCG SHOPS PITTSBURGH PA. and marked on back THE MARTIN HARDSOCG CO. PITTSBURGH, PA., 1 5/8 in. x 1 1/2 in. HARDSOCG WATCH FOB - Brass Hardsocg watch fob, original strap and buckle, marked on front TRADE MARK REGISTERED IMPERIAL MADE AT HARDSOCG SHOPS PITTSBURGH PA. and marked on back THE MARTIN HARDSOCG CO. PITTSBURGH, PA., 1 5/8 in. x 1 1/2 in. slides/Hardsocg Watch Fob Back.jpg slides/Hardscog Coal Pick.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 HARDSOCG COAL MINERS SEAM PICK - Original ca. 1890s low seam coal miners pick, 14 in. head with 18 in. original hickory handle, stamped HARDSOCG COAL MINERS SEAM PICK, stamped on handle guard HARDSOCG 186, acquired from Ted Bobrink (shown with Dupont No. 3 Reliable Blasting Machine) HARDSOCG COAL MINERS SEAM PICK - Original ca. 1890s low seam coal miners pick, 14 in. head with 18 in. original hickory handle, stamped HARDSOCG COAL MINERS SEAM PICK, stamped on handle guard HARDSOCG 186, acquired from Ted Bobrink (shown with Dupont No. 3 Reliable Blasting Machine) slides/Hardscog Coal Pick.JPG slides/Hercules Match Safe Front.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 HERCULES POWDER MATCH SAFE - Hercules Powder celluloid advertising match safe, marked HERCULES POWDER on front with company symbol and 5 boxes of explosives and one cap tin on back, B. CARROLL CHICAGO on one edge and HERCULES POWDER CO. PITTSBURGH, PA. on other edge, brass top and bottom with match striker, 2 5/8 in. tall x 1 1/2 in. wide x 3/8 in. thick (During their hundred year history (1840-1940) match safes were constructed in every conceivable material and combination of materials. They were ingeniously made in a spectacular variety of shapes. The match safe’s vital and central purpose, however, has remained the same; the provision of a secure container for strike-anywhere friction matches together with a striking surface. The first container for friction matches appeared some time after their invention in the 1830’s and commercial availability in stores soon thereafter. The exact date of invention is disputed but it is generally agreed that the inventor was an English chemist who was so indifferent to his invention that he failed to patent it. Friction matches caught on rapidly and were manufactured for the general public all over Europe and North America. The match was an important technical advance in its time. Friction matches contained phosphorus and were hazardous (they could explode in one’s pocket) so they required protection in a fire-proof container that could be easily carried. Early on many of these little cases became jewelry-like and masterfully made though the majority remained utilitarian and commercial such as the celluloid advertising safe shown here. The finest match safes were made from gold or silver in designs characteristic of the period. When new lighting devices were invented, the match safe did not immediately disappear but went through certain alterations first. Safety matches (matches whose heads would not ignite without coming in contact with chemicals embedded in a roughened striker strip) had been around for years but became more popular when books of safety matches were introduced. Liquid fuel lighters became popular around World War I and soon displaced matches to some extent and the match safe altogether. The last traditional match safes were made in the 1930’s and their use ceased prior to World War II. See Karl Koenig, "Pocket Match Safes," Silver Magazine, March/April 2000) HERCULES POWDER MATCH SAFE - Hercules Powder celluloid advertising match safe, marked HERCULES POWDER on front with company symbol and 5 boxes of explosives and one cap tin on back, B. CARROLL CHICAGO on one edge and HERCULES POWDER CO. PITTSBURGH, PA. on other edge, brass top and bottom with match striker, 2 5/8 in. tall x 1 1/2 in. wide x 3/8 in. thick (During their hundred year history (1840-1940) match safes were constructed in every conceivable material and combination of materials. They were ingeniously made in a spectacular variety of shapes. The match safe’s vital and central purpose, however, has remained the same; the provision of a secure container for strike-anywhere friction matches together with a striking surface. The first container for friction matches appeared some time after their invention in the 1830’s and commercial availability in stores soon thereafter. The exact date of invention is disputed but it is generally agreed that the inventor was an English chemist who was so indifferent to his invention that he failed to patent it. Friction matches caught on rapidly and were manufactured for the general public all over Europe and North America. The match was an important technical advance in its time. Friction matches contained phosphorus and were hazardous (they could explode in one’s pocket) so they required protection in a fire-proof container that could be easily carried. Early on many of these little cases became jewelry-like and masterfully made though the majority remained utilitarian and commercial such as the celluloid advertising safe shown here. The finest match safes were made from gold or silver in designs characteristic of the period. When new lighting devices were invented, the match safe did not immediately disappear but went through certain alterations first. Safety matches (matches whose heads would not ignite without coming in contact with chemicals embedded in a roughened striker strip) had been around for years but became more popular when books of safety matches were introduced. Liquid fuel lighters became popular around World War I and soon displaced matches to some extent and the match safe altogether. The last traditional match safes were made in the 1930’s and their use ceased prior to World War II. See Karl Koenig, "Pocket Match Safes," Silver Magazine, March/April 2000) slides/Hercules Match Safe Front.JPG slides/Hercules Match Safe Back.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 HERCULES POWDER MATCH SAFE - Hercules Powder celluloid advertising match safe, marked HERCULES POWDER on front with company symbol and 5 boxes of explosives and one cap tin on back, B. CARROLL CHICAGO on one edge and HERCULES POWDER CO. PITTSBURGH, PA. on other edge, brass top and bottom with match striker, 2 5/8 in. tall x 1 1/2 in. wide x 3/8 in. thick (During their hundred year history (1840-1940) match safes were constructed in every conceivable material and combination of materials. They were ingeniously made in a spectacular variety of shapes. The match safe’s vital and central purpose, however, has remained the same; the provision of a secure container for strike-anywhere friction matches together with a striking surface. The first container for friction matches appeared some time after their invention in the 1830’s and commercial availability in stores soon thereafter. The exact date of invention is disputed but it is generally agreed that the inventor was an English chemist who was so indifferent to his invention that he failed to patent it. Friction matches caught on rapidly and were manufactured for the general public all over Europe and North America. The match was an important technical advance in its time. Friction matches contained phosphorus and were hazardous (they could explode in one’s pocket) so they required protection in a fire-proof container that could be easily carried. Early on many of these little cases became jewelry-like and masterfully made though the majority remained utilitarian and commercial such as the celluloid advertising safe shown here. The finest match safes were made from gold or silver in designs characteristic of the period. When new lighting devices were invented, the match safe did not immediately disappear but went through certain alterations first. Safety matches (matches whose heads would not ignite without coming in contact with chemicals embedded in a roughened striker strip) had been around for years but became more popular when books of safety matches were introduced. Liquid fuel lighters became popular around World War I and soon displaced matches to some extent and the match safe altogether. The last traditional match safes were made in the 1930’s and their use ceased prior to World War II. See Karl Koenig, "Pocket Match Safes," Silver Magazine, March/April 2000) HERCULES POWDER MATCH SAFE - Hercules Powder celluloid advertising match safe, marked HERCULES POWDER on front with company symbol and 5 boxes of explosives and one cap tin on back, B. CARROLL CHICAGO on one edge and HERCULES POWDER CO. PITTSBURGH, PA. on other edge, brass top and bottom with match striker, 2 5/8 in. tall x 1 1/2 in. wide x 3/8 in. thick (During their hundred year history (1840-1940) match safes were constructed in every conceivable material and combination of materials. They were ingeniously made in a spectacular variety of shapes. The match safe’s vital and central purpose, however, has remained the same; the provision of a secure container for strike-anywhere friction matches together with a striking surface. The first container for friction matches appeared some time after their invention in the 1830’s and commercial availability in stores soon thereafter. The exact date of invention is disputed but it is generally agreed that the inventor was an English chemist who was so indifferent to his invention that he failed to patent it. Friction matches caught on rapidly and were manufactured for the general public all over Europe and North America. The match was an important technical advance in its time. Friction matches contained phosphorus and were hazardous (they could explode in one’s pocket) so they required protection in a fire-proof container that could be easily carried. Early on many of these little cases became jewelry-like and masterfully made though the majority remained utilitarian and commercial such as the celluloid advertising safe shown here. The finest match safes were made from gold or silver in designs characteristic of the period. When new lighting devices were invented, the match safe did not immediately disappear but went through certain alterations first. Safety matches (matches whose heads would not ignite without coming in contact with chemicals embedded in a roughened striker strip) had been around for years but became more popular when books of safety matches were introduced. Liquid fuel lighters became popular around World War I and soon displaced matches to some extent and the match safe altogether. The last traditional match safes were made in the 1930’s and their use ceased prior to World War II. See Karl Koenig, "Pocket Match Safes," Silver Magazine, March/April 2000) slides/Hercules Match Safe Back.JPG slides/Hercules Match Safe Side.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 HERCULES POWDER MATCH SAFE - Hercules Powder celluloid advertising match safe, marked HERCULES POWDER on front with company symbol and 5 boxes of explosives and one cap tin on back, B. CARROLL CHICAGO on one edge and HERCULES POWDER CO. PITTSBURGH, PA. on other edge, brass top and bottom with match striker, 2 5/8 in. tall x 1 1/2 in. wide x 3/8 in. thick (During their hundred year history (1840-1940) match safes were constructed in every conceivable material and combination of materials. They were ingeniously made in a spectacular variety of shapes. The match safe’s vital and central purpose, however, has remained the same; the provision of a secure container for strike-anywhere friction matches together with a striking surface. The first container for friction matches appeared some time after their invention in the 1830’s and commercial availability in stores soon thereafter. The exact date of invention is disputed but it is generally agreed that the inventor was an English chemist who was so indifferent to his invention that he failed to patent it. Friction matches caught on rapidly and were manufactured for the general public all over Europe and North America. The match was an important technical advance in its time. Friction matches contained phosphorus and were hazardous (they could explode in one’s pocket) so they required protection in a fire-proof container that could be easily carried. Early on many of these little cases became jewelry-like and masterfully made though the majority remained utilitarian and commercial such as the celluloid advertising safe shown here. The finest match safes were made from gold or silver in designs characteristic of the period. When new lighting devices were invented, the match safe did not immediately disappear but went through certain alterations first. Safety matches (matches whose heads would not ignite without coming in contact with chemicals embedded in a roughened striker strip) had been around for years but became more popular when books of safety matches were introduced. Liquid fuel lighters became popular around World War I and soon displaced matches to some extent and the match safe altogether. The last traditional match safes were made in the 1930’s and their use ceased prior to World War II. See Karl Koenig, "Pocket Match Safes," Silver Magazine, March/April 2000) HERCULES POWDER MATCH SAFE - Hercules Powder celluloid advertising match safe, marked HERCULES POWDER on front with company symbol and 5 boxes of explosives and one cap tin on back, B. CARROLL CHICAGO on one edge and HERCULES POWDER CO. PITTSBURGH, PA. on other edge, brass top and bottom with match striker, 2 5/8 in. tall x 1 1/2 in. wide x 3/8 in. thick (During their hundred year history (1840-1940) match safes were constructed in every conceivable material and combination of materials. They were ingeniously made in a spectacular variety of shapes. The match safe’s vital and central purpose, however, has remained the same; the provision of a secure container for strike-anywhere friction matches together with a striking surface. The first container for friction matches appeared some time after their invention in the 1830’s and commercial availability in stores soon thereafter. The exact date of invention is disputed but it is generally agreed that the inventor was an English chemist who was so indifferent to his invention that he failed to patent it. Friction matches caught on rapidly and were manufactured for the general public all over Europe and North America. The match was an important technical advance in its time. Friction matches contained phosphorus and were hazardous (they could explode in one’s pocket) so they required protection in a fire-proof container that could be easily carried. Early on many of these little cases became jewelry-like and masterfully made though the majority remained utilitarian and commercial such as the celluloid advertising safe shown here. The finest match safes were made from gold or silver in designs characteristic of the period. When new lighting devices were invented, the match safe did not immediately disappear but went through certain alterations first. Safety matches (matches whose heads would not ignite without coming in contact with chemicals embedded in a roughened striker strip) had been around for years but became more popular when books of safety matches were introduced. Liquid fuel lighters became popular around World War I and soon displaced matches to some extent and the match safe altogether. The last traditional match safes were made in the 1930’s and their use ceased prior to World War II. See Karl Koenig, "Pocket Match Safes," Silver Magazine, March/April 2000) slides/Hercules Match Safe Side.JPG slides/John Hendy Ad May 1902 Engineering and Mining Journal.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 slides/John Hendy Ad May 1902 Engineering and Mining Journal.JPG slides/Hendy Matteson Car Brass Tag.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 JOSHUA HENDY MATTESON CAR TAG - Original brass ore care tag embossed IMPROVED MATTESON CAR, PAT. JULY-23-1907 AUG-17-1907, OTHER PAT. PENDING, SIZE NO E 55, MANUFACTURED BY JOSHUA HENDY IRON WORKS, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. U.S.A. 6 in. long, 3 1/8 in. high in oval shape (Born in Cornwall, England in 1822, Joshua Hendy came to the United States in 1836. He learned the machinist’s trade and in 1849 he traveled to California. He found work as a mechanic in the newly constructed boiler shops of San Francisco. In 1856 he started the Joshua Hendy Machine Works at 49-51 Fremont St. in San Francisco. By the 1860’s he was repairing milling and mining equipment and built a foundry to cast component parts for various types of machinery. Because the hard rock mines of California were booming, most of his repair work was done on mining equipment, especially the stamp mills used for crushing ore. In 1874 he invented, patented and started producing the Challenge Automatic Ore Feeder for stamp mills. This feeder, which ran off the main shaft of the mill automatically opened and closed the hopper to feed a continuous and consistent amount of ore to the stamp heads, thus maximizing production and minimizing damage. From 1880 to 1885 he patented several improvements, bought out many other patents and soon controlled the ore feeder market. The Joshua Hendy Machine Works built feeders under its own name, and built the feeders for almost all other mill manufacturers. In 1882 he incorporated the business with his nephew Samuel J. Hendy as president of the firm. During the 1880’s the company built ore concentrators, elevators, crushers, and hydraulic monitors. By 1888 Samuel's brother John became plant superintendent, and the Machine Works was building stamp mills, crushers, ore cars, hoists, buckets, skips, steam engines, pumps and many other types of mining equipment used all over the west. On October 19, 1891 Joshua Hendy died at the age of 74. Samuel Hendy took over the business, and expanded production in casting, forging and riveting iron. The Machine Works continued to expand its manufacturing, producing ever larger and more modern mining equipment. In 1906 major changes occurred. Samuel died in the spring of that year, so his brother John took over the day to day running of the business. When the great San Francisco earthquake and fire hit in April, everything in the manufacturing area of the city was destroyed. The Iron Works had already outgrown its facilities on Fremont St, so John decided that since he had to rebuild from scratch, he would keep the offices there, but moved the company’s manufacturing to a large tract of land south of San Francisco at Murphy’s Station near Sunnyvale, where he could expand the plant even more. It is most likely that at this time the name of the business was changed to the Joshua Hendy Iron Works. In Sunnyvale, the business had room to grow, and continued on strongly through the years, even during the depression of the 1930’s. When WWII hit, and the mines were shut down by government decree, the Iron Works built ship components and ship engines for the war effort. After the war, the mining industry was finally starting to wane, so the Iron Works continued by building marine engines. In 1947 the Joshua Hendy Iron Works was sold to Westinghouse Corp., who continued to use it for a manufacturing plant. In 1996, Westinghouse sold the plant to Northrop Grumman, which renamed it Northrop Grumman Marine Systems and still has a facility there in Sunnyvale to this day. The Joshua Hendy Iron Works was producing the patented Matteson ore car at the newly constructed plant in Sunnyvale after 1907. Walter Carlos Matteson was born in Stockton, CA on March 22, 1856. He learned his father’s blacksmith trade, working for his father for eight years. He later started a carriage and plow shop which burned down in 1885 after which he became a foreman at the Shaw Plow Works in Stockton. He married Mary Eggleston in 1876 and had two children. Walter Matteson would go on to become a prolific inventor with several patents to his name including three specifically for ore cars. His first ore car patent No. 713,321 was filed on May 20, 1902 and was awarded on Nov. 11, 1902 for an improved door locking mechanism that is either locked or released as the car is tilted. His second and third ore car patents are noted on the pictured car tag. Patent No. 860,817 was awarded on July 23, 1907 for a compound dumping hinge and automatic door bar. Patent No. 864,321 was awarded on Aug. 27, 1907 for improvements to the car axle to minimize wear on the bearings. Interestingly, the patent date of Aug. 17, 1907 shown on the car tag is incorrect being 10 days earlier than the award date.) JOSHUA HENDY MATTESON CAR TAG - Original brass ore care tag embossed IMPROVED MATTESON CAR, PAT. JULY-23-1907 AUG-17-1907, OTHER PAT. PENDING, SIZE NO E 55, MANUFACTURED BY JOSHUA HENDY IRON WORKS, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. U.S.A. 6 in. long, 3 1/8 in. high in oval shape (Born in Cornwall, England in 1822, Joshua Hendy came to the United States in 1836. He learned the machinist’s trade and in 1849 he traveled to California. He found work as a mechanic in the newly constructed boiler shops of San Francisco. In 1856 he started the Joshua Hendy Machine Works at 49-51 Fremont St. in San Francisco. By the 1860’s he was repairing milling and mining equipment and built a foundry to cast component parts for various types of machinery. Because the hard rock mines of California were booming, most of his repair work was done on mining equipment, especially the stamp mills used for crushing ore. In 1874 he invented, patented and started producing the Challenge Automatic Ore Feeder for stamp mills. This feeder, which ran off the main shaft of the mill automatically opened and closed the hopper to feed a continuous and consistent amount of ore to the stamp heads, thus maximizing production and minimizing damage. From 1880 to 1885 he patented several improvements, bought out many other patents and soon controlled the ore feeder market. The Joshua Hendy Machine Works built feeders under its own name, and built the feeders for almost all other mill manufacturers. In 1882 he incorporated the business with his nephew Samuel J. Hendy as president of the firm. During the 1880’s the company built ore concentrators, elevators, crushers, and hydraulic monitors. By 1888 Samuel's brother John became plant superintendent, and the Machine Works was building stamp mills, crushers, ore cars, hoists, buckets, skips, steam engines, pumps and many other types of mining equipment used all over the west. On October 19, 1891 Joshua Hendy died at the age of 74. Samuel Hendy took over the business, and expanded production in casting, forging and riveting iron. The Machine Works continued to expand its manufacturing, producing ever larger and more modern mining equipment. In 1906 major changes occurred. Samuel died in the spring of that year, so his brother John took over the day to day running of the business. When the great San Francisco earthquake and fire hit in April, everything in the manufacturing area of the city was destroyed. The Iron Works had already outgrown its facilities on Fremont St, so John decided that since he had to rebuild from scratch, he would keep the offices there, but moved the company’s manufacturing to a large tract of land south of San Francisco at Murphy’s Station near Sunnyvale, where he could expand the plant even more. It is most likely that at this time the name of the business was changed to the Joshua Hendy Iron Works. In Sunnyvale, the business had room to grow, and continued on strongly through the years, even during the depression of the 1930’s. When WWII hit, and the mines were shut down by government decree, the Iron Works built ship components and ship engines for the war effort. After the war, the mining industry was finally starting to wane, so the Iron Works continued by building marine engines. In 1947 the Joshua Hendy Iron Works was sold to Westinghouse Corp., who continued to use it for a manufacturing plant. In 1996, Westinghouse sold the plant to Northrop Grumman, which renamed it Northrop Grumman Marine Systems and still has a facility there in Sunnyvale to this day. The Joshua Hendy Iron Works was producing the patented Matteson ore car at the newly constructed plant in Sunnyvale after 1907. Walter Carlos Matteson was born in Stockton, CA on March 22, 1856. He learned his father’s blacksmith trade, working for his father for eight years. He later started a carriage and plow shop which burned down in 1885 after which he became a foreman at the Shaw Plow Works in Stockton. He married Mary Eggleston in 1876 and had two children. Walter Matteson would go on to become a prolific inventor with several patents to his name including three specifically for ore cars. His first ore car patent No. 713,321 was filed on May 20, 1902 and was awarded on Nov. 11, 1902 for an improved door locking mechanism that is either locked or released as the car is tilted. His second and third ore car patents are noted on the pictured car tag. Patent No. 860,817 was awarded on July 23, 1907 for a compound dumping hinge and automatic door bar. Patent No. 864,321 was awarded on Aug. 27, 1907 for improvements to the car axle to minimize wear on the bearings. Interestingly, the patent date of Aug. 17, 1907 shown on the car tag is incorrect being 10 days earlier than the award date.) slides/Hendy Matteson Car Brass Tag.JPG slides/Matteson Patent I.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 MATTESON ORE CAR PATENT I MATTESON ORE CAR PATENT I slides/Matteson Patent I.JPG slides/Matteson Patent II.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 slides/Matteson Patent II.JPG slides/Matteson Patent III.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 slides/Matteson Patent III.JPG slides/Justrite Pay Envelope Front.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 JUSTRITE PAY ENVELOPE - Pay envelope with Justrite advertising, 3 1/8 in. wide and 5 1/2 in. long, ca. 1929 based on the lamps advertised, from my good Alaska friend Neil Tysver JUSTRITE PAY ENVELOPE - Pay envelope with Justrite advertising, 3 1/8 in. wide and 5 1/2 in. long, ca. 1929 based on the lamps advertised, from my good Alaska friend Neil Tysver slides/Justrite Pay Envelope Front.JPG slides/Justrite Pay Envelope Back.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 JUSTRITE PAY ENVELOPE - Pay envelope with Justrite advertising, 3 1/8 in. wide and 5 1/2 in. long, ca. 1929 based on the lamps advertised, from my good Alaska friend Neil Tysver JUSTRITE PAY ENVELOPE - Pay envelope with Justrite advertising, 3 1/8 in. wide and 5 1/2 in. long, ca. 1929 based on the lamps advertised, from my good Alaska friend Neil Tysver slides/Justrite Pay Envelope Back.JPG slides/Justrite Pocket Lighter.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 JUSTRITE LIGHTER - Nickel plated Justrite lighter, 2 in. tall, 5/8 in. dia with striker on the top marked PAT. FEB 21.22 OTHERS PEND. MADE IN USA; bottom marked TRADEMARK JUSTRITE CHICAGO USA (see Eureka Vol. 5 p. 6 for story on mine lamp lighters not listed in Justrite catalogs) JUSTRITE LIGHTER - Nickel plated Justrite lighter, 2 in. tall, 5/8 in. dia with striker on the top marked PAT. FEB 21.22 OTHERS PEND. MADE IN USA; bottom marked TRADEMARK JUSTRITE CHICAGO USA (see Eureka Vol. 5 p. 6 for story on mine lamp lighters not listed in Justrite catalogs) slides/Justrite Pocket Lighter.JPG slides/Justrite Pocket Lighter II.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 JUSTRITE LIGHTER II - Nickel plated Justrite lighter, 2 in. tall, 5/8 in. dia with striker on the top marked PAT. FEB 21.22 OTHERS PEND. MADE IN USA; bottom marked TRADEMARK JUSTRITE CHICAGO USA (see Eureka Vol. 5 p. 6 for story on mine lamp lighters not listed in Justrite catalogs) JUSTRITE LIGHTER II - Nickel plated Justrite lighter, 2 in. tall, 5/8 in. dia with striker on the top marked PAT. FEB 21.22 OTHERS PEND. MADE IN USA; bottom marked TRADEMARK JUSTRITE CHICAGO USA (see Eureka Vol. 5 p. 6 for story on mine lamp lighters not listed in Justrite catalogs) slides/Justrite Pocket Lighter II.jpg slides/Justrite Pocket Lighter Top Marking.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 JUSTRITE LIGHTER II - Nickel plated Justrite lighter, 2 in. tall, 5/8 in. dia with striker on the top marked PAT. FEB 21.22 OTHERS PEND. MADE IN USA; bottom marked TRADEMARK JUSTRITE CHICAGO USA (see Eureka Vol. 5 p. 6 for story on mine lamp lighters not listed in Justrite catalogs) JUSTRITE LIGHTER II - Nickel plated Justrite lighter, 2 in. tall, 5/8 in. dia with striker on the top marked PAT. FEB 21.22 OTHERS PEND. MADE IN USA; bottom marked TRADEMARK JUSTRITE CHICAGO USA (see Eureka Vol. 5 p. 6 for story on mine lamp lighters not listed in Justrite catalogs) slides/Justrite Pocket Lighter Top Marking.jpg slides/Justrite Pocket Lighter Bottom Marking.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 JUSTRITE LIGHTER II - Nickel plated Justrite lighter, 2 in. tall, 5/8 in. dia with striker on the top marked PAT. FEB 21.22 OTHERS PEND. MADE IN USA; bottom marked TRADEMARK JUSTRITE CHICAGO USA (see Eureka Vol. 5 p. 6 for story on mine lamp lighters not listed in Justrite catalogs) JUSTRITE LIGHTER II - Nickel plated Justrite lighter, 2 in. tall, 5/8 in. dia with striker on the top marked PAT. FEB 21.22 OTHERS PEND. MADE IN USA; bottom marked TRADEMARK JUSTRITE CHICAGO USA (see Eureka Vol. 5 p. 6 for story on mine lamp lighters not listed in Justrite catalogs) slides/Justrite Pocket Lighter Bottom Marking.jpg slides/Herman Kohlbusch May 1902 Engineering and Mining Journal.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 HERMAN KOHLBUSCH BALANCES - Ad for Herman Kohlbusch balances and weights in the May 1902 Engineering and Mining Journal HERMAN KOHLBUSCH BALANCES - Ad for Herman Kohlbusch balances and weights in the May 1902 Engineering and Mining Journal slides/Herman Kohlbusch May 1902 Engineering and Mining Journal.JPG slides/Kohlbusch Scale I.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 KOHLBUSCH PORTABLE DIAMOND SCALE - Portable diamond scale, complete with 8 karat weights (64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 3, 2, ½), marked H. Kohlbusch, New York, walnut case 6 x 2 ½ in (The story of the Herman Kohlbusch Balance Company is an interesting testimonial to the success of an early balance manufacturing firm. C. Herman Kohlbusch Sr. and his wife emigrated to the U.S. from Saxony, Germany in 1851 when he was 29 years of age. He established the Herman Kohlbusch Balance Company in 1859 after apparently serving an apprenticeship with balance maker Becker & Sons in New Rochelle, New York. The New York Business Directory first lists his name as a balance manufacturer in 1884-85. The earliest American balance company catalog that has been found is an 1888 catalog issued by Herman Kohlbusch, Sr. in which he offers 2 models of enclosed assay balances, a small boxed portable assay scale and a pocket assay scale as shown here. Of particular interest is the pocket assay scale. This little pocket scale is seen in literally all the scientific supply catalogs from 1888 to as late as 1943 making it a unique and distinctive Kohlbusch product for over 50 years. The 1888 catalog lists it as either a pocket assay scale, pocket diamond scale or pocket surgeon's scale with the accompanying weights being the only possible way to identify which is which. Carat weights were included with the diamond scale while gram or assay ton weights were used with the assay scale. The surgeon's scale included either grains, drams or scruples weights. Herman Sr's eldest son Charles was listed as involved with the firm until 1892 and son Herman Jr. continued with the firm until his death in 1904, just weeks after Herman Sr's death in 1903. Charles' eldest son Edgar continued as a manufacturer of scales and weights as late as 1920 under the firm name of Herman Kohlbusch, Sr. Sometime in the mid 1920s, the firm's name was changed to Seederer-Kohlbusch with the logo SEKO, Inc. Continuing in business as SEKO, the Seederer-Kohlbusch, Inc. company was purchased by Lectra Service of Englewood, NJ in 1978. See Shannon, The Assay Balance, pp 56-88) KOHLBUSCH PORTABLE DIAMOND SCALE - Portable diamond scale, complete with 8 karat weights (64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 3, 2, ½), marked H. Kohlbusch, New York, walnut case 6 x 2 ½ in (The story of the Herman Kohlbusch Balance Company is an interesting testimonial to the success of an early balance manufacturing firm. C. Herman Kohlbusch Sr. and his wife emigrated to the U.S. from Saxony, Germany in 1851 when he was 29 years of age. He established the Herman Kohlbusch Balance Company in 1859 after apparently serving an apprenticeship with balance maker Becker & Sons in New Rochelle, New York. The New York Business Directory first lists his name as a balance manufacturer in 1884-85. The earliest American balance company catalog that has been found is an 1888 catalog issued by Herman Kohlbusch, Sr. in which he offers 2 models of enclosed assay balances, a small boxed portable assay scale and a pocket assay scale as shown here. Of particular interest is the pocket assay scale. This little pocket scale is seen in literally all the scientific supply catalogs from 1888 to as late as 1943 making it a unique and distinctive Kohlbusch product for over 50 years. The 1888 catalog lists it as either a pocket assay scale, pocket diamond scale or pocket surgeon's scale with the accompanying weights being the only possible way to identify which is which. Carat weights were included with the diamond scale while gram or assay ton weights were used with the assay scale. The surgeon's scale included either grains, drams or scruples weights. Herman Sr's eldest son Charles was listed as involved with the firm until 1892 and son Herman Jr. continued with the firm until his death in 1904, just weeks after Herman Sr's death in 1903. Charles' eldest son Edgar continued as a manufacturer of scales and weights as late as 1920 under the firm name of Herman Kohlbusch, Sr. Sometime in the mid 1920s, the firm's name was changed to Seederer-Kohlbusch with the logo SEKO, Inc. Continuing in business as SEKO, the Seederer-Kohlbusch, Inc. company was purchased by Lectra Service of Englewood, NJ in 1978. See Shannon, The Assay Balance, pp 56-88) slides/Kohlbusch Scale I.JPG slides/Kohlbusch Scale II.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 KOHLBUSCH PORTABLE ASSAY SCALE I - Pocket assay scale, complete with 20 gram weights, marked H. Kohlbusch, New York, walnut case 6 x 2 ½ in., with metal tag NY City Approved, Type 17, Serial Y-2 (The story of the Herman Kohlbusch Balance Company is an interesting testimonial to the success of an early balance manufacturing firm. C. Herman Kohlbusch Sr. and his wife emigrated to the U.S. from Saxony, Germany in 1851 when he was 29 years of age. He established the Herman Kohlbusch Balance Company in 1859 after apparently serving an apprenticeship with balance maker Becker & Sons in New Rochelle, New York. The New York Business Directory first lists his name as a balance manufacturer in 1884-85. The earliest American balance company catalog that has been found is an 1888 catalog issued by Herman Kohlbusch, Sr. in which he offers 2 models of enclosed assay balances, a small boxed portable assay scale and a pocket assay scale as shown here. Of particular interest is the pocket assay scale. This little pocket scale is seen in literally all the scientific supply catalogs from 1888 to as late as 1943 making it a unique and distinctive Kohlbusch product for over 50 years. The 1888 catalog lists it as either a pocket assay scale, pocket diamond scale or pocket surgeon's scale with the accompanying weights being the only possible way to identify which is which. Carat weights were included with the diamond scale while gram or assay ton weights were used with the assay scale. The surgeon's scale included either grains, drams or scruples weights. Herman Sr's eldest son Charles was listed as involved with the firm until 1892 and son Herman Jr. continued with the firm until his death in 1904, just weeks after Herman Sr's death in 1903. Charles' eldest son Edgar continued as a manufacturer of scales and weights as late as 1920 under the firm name of Herman Kohlbusch, Sr. Sometime in the mid 1920s, the firm's name was changed to Seederer-Kohlbusch with the logo SEKO, Inc. Continuing in business as SEKO, the Seederer-Kohlbusch, Inc. company was purchased by Lectra Service of Englewood, NJ in 1978. See Shannon, The Assay Balance, pp 56-88) KOHLBUSCH PORTABLE ASSAY SCALE I - Pocket assay scale, complete with 20 gram weights, marked H. Kohlbusch, New York, walnut case 6 x 2 ½ in., with metal tag NY City Approved, Type 17, Serial Y-2 (The story of the Herman Kohlbusch Balance Company is an interesting testimonial to the success of an early balance manufacturing firm. C. Herman Kohlbusch Sr. and his wife emigrated to the U.S. from Saxony, Germany in 1851 when he was 29 years of age. He established the Herman Kohlbusch Balance Company in 1859 after apparently serving an apprenticeship with balance maker Becker & Sons in New Rochelle, New York. The New York Business Directory first lists his name as a balance manufacturer in 1884-85. The earliest American balance company catalog that has been found is an 1888 catalog issued by Herman Kohlbusch, Sr. in which he offers 2 models of enclosed assay balances, a small boxed portable assay scale and a pocket assay scale as shown here. Of particular interest is the pocket assay scale. This little pocket scale is seen in literally all the scientific supply catalogs from 1888 to as late as 1943 making it a unique and distinctive Kohlbusch product for over 50 years. The 1888 catalog lists it as either a pocket assay scale, pocket diamond scale or pocket surgeon's scale with the accompanying weights being the only possible way to identify which is which. Carat weights were included with the diamond scale while gram or assay ton weights were used with the assay scale. The surgeon's scale included either grains, drams or scruples weights. Herman Sr's eldest son Charles was listed as involved with the firm until 1892 and son Herman Jr. continued with the firm until his death in 1904, just weeks after Herman Sr's death in 1903. Charles' eldest son Edgar continued as a manufacturer of scales and weights as late as 1920 under the firm name of Herman Kohlbusch, Sr. Sometime in the mid 1920s, the firm's name was changed to Seederer-Kohlbusch with the logo SEKO, Inc. Continuing in business as SEKO, the Seederer-Kohlbusch, Inc. company was purchased by Lectra Service of Englewood, NJ in 1978. See Shannon, The Assay Balance, pp 56-88) slides/Kohlbusch Scale II.JPG slides/Kohlbusch Scale III.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 KOHLBUSCH PORTABLE ASSAY SCALE II - Pocket assay scale, complete with gram weights, marked Chas. Kohlbusch, Jersey City, NJ, walnut case (The story of the Herman Kohlbusch Balance Company is an interesting testimonial to the success of an early balance manufacturing firm. C. Herman Kohlbusch Sr. and his wife emigrated to the U.S. from Saxony, Germany in 1851 when he was 29 years of age. He established the Herman Kohlbusch Balance Company in 1859 after apparently serving an apprenticeship with balance maker Becker & Sons in New Rochelle, New York. The New York Business Directory first lists his name as a balance manufacturer in 1884-85. The earliest American balance company catalog that has been found is an 1888 catalog issued by Herman Kohlbusch, Sr. in which he offers 2 models of enclosed assay balances, a small boxed portable assay scale and a pocket assay scale as shown here. Of particular interest is the pocket assay scale. This little pocket scale is seen in literally all the scientific supply catalogs from 1888 to as late as 1943 making it a unique and distinctive Kohlbusch product for over 50 years. The 1888 catalog lists it as either a pocket assay scale, pocket diamond scale or pocket surgeon's scale with the accompanying weights being the only possible way to identify which is which. Carat weights were included with the diamond scale while gram or assay ton weights were used with the assay scale. The surgeon's scale included either grains, drams or scruples weights. Herman Sr.'s eldest son Charles was listed as involved with the firm until 1892 and son Herman Jr. continued with the firm until his death in 1904, just weeks after Herman Sr.'s death in 1903. Since this assay scale is marked Charles Kohlbusch with the Jersey City address on both the scale inside top and the metal scale arm, it is presumed that the scale's manufacture date is sometime prior to 1892 and Charles' departure from the business. Charles' eldest son Edgar continued as a manufacturer of scales and weights as late as 1920 under the firm name of Herman Kohlbusch, Sr. Sometime in the mid 1920s, the firm's name was changed to Seederer-Kohlbusch with the logo SEKO, Inc. Continuing in business as SEKO, the Seederer-Kohlbusch, Inc. company was purchased by Lectra Service of Englewood, NJ in 1978. See Shannon, The Assay Balance, pp 56-88) KOHLBUSCH PORTABLE ASSAY SCALE II - Pocket assay scale, complete with gram weights, marked Chas. Kohlbusch, Jersey City, NJ, walnut case (The story of the Herman Kohlbusch Balance Company is an interesting testimonial to the success of an early balance manufacturing firm. C. Herman Kohlbusch Sr. and his wife emigrated to the U.S. from Saxony, Germany in 1851 when he was 29 years of age. He established the Herman Kohlbusch Balance Company in 1859 after apparently serving an apprenticeship with balance maker Becker & Sons in New Rochelle, New York. The New York Business Directory first lists his name as a balance manufacturer in 1884-85. The earliest American balance company catalog that has been found is an 1888 catalog issued by Herman Kohlbusch, Sr. in which he offers 2 models of enclosed assay balances, a small boxed portable assay scale and a pocket assay scale as shown here. Of particular interest is the pocket assay scale. This little pocket scale is seen in literally all the scientific supply catalogs from 1888 to as late as 1943 making it a unique and distinctive Kohlbusch product for over 50 years. The 1888 catalog lists it as either a pocket assay scale, pocket diamond scale or pocket surgeon's scale with the accompanying weights being the only possible way to identify which is which. Carat weights were included with the diamond scale while gram or assay ton weights were used with the assay scale. The surgeon's scale included either grains, drams or scruples weights. Herman Sr.'s eldest son Charles was listed as involved with the firm until 1892 and son Herman Jr. continued with the firm until his death in 1904, just weeks after Herman Sr.'s death in 1903. Since this assay scale is marked Charles Kohlbusch with the Jersey City address on both the scale inside top and the metal scale arm, it is presumed that the scale's manufacture date is sometime prior to 1892 and Charles' departure from the business. Charles' eldest son Edgar continued as a manufacturer of scales and weights as late as 1920 under the firm name of Herman Kohlbusch, Sr. Sometime in the mid 1920s, the firm's name was changed to Seederer-Kohlbusch with the logo SEKO, Inc. Continuing in business as SEKO, the Seederer-Kohlbusch, Inc. company was purchased by Lectra Service of Englewood, NJ in 1978. See Shannon, The Assay Balance, pp 56-88) slides/Kohlbusch Scale III.JPG slides/Lietz Universal Pocket Instrument with Leather Case.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 ATTWOOD'S MINING CLINOMETER - Universal Pocket Instrument advertised by A. Lietz Co. in the company’s 1899 catalog; marked M. ATTWOOD’S MINING CLINOMETER, MADE BY A. LIETZ CO., SURVEYING INSTRUMENT MAKERS, 422 SACRAMENTO ST. SAN FRANCISCO, with a list of FALL OF ANGLES; made of aluminum alloy with horizontal and vertical bubble levels; 6 3/8 in. long x 3 in. high x 7/16 in. thick; clinometer and compass dials 2 1/4 in. dia. with locking controls (While google turned up very little on M. Attwood, the following provides information on the maker Adolph Lietz. Adolph Lietz was born in Leubeck, Germany in 1860. He immigrated to San Francisco in 1879 and worked in several scientific instrument shops before opening his own business. Lietz purchased the business of Carl Rahsskopff in 1880 and began his own business in 1882. Lietz originally joint ventured with another maker, Gottlieb A. Mauerhan, to form Lietz and Mauerhan, a relationship that lasted for about a year. Following Mauerhan's departure, Lietz paired up with Conrad J. Weinmann who had previously worked for Carl Rahsskopff. The company was renamed A. Lietz & Co. and at that time produced surveying instruments and related tools. The firm incorporated in 1892 under the name The A. Lietz Company and Weinmann left at about that time. In 1910 a complete line of drafting materials and engineering equipment was added. In 1947, after 65 years of production, the firm discontinued the manufacturing of surveying instruments. The reason given was that it would be necessary and very costly to retool in order to manufacture the types of modern instruments then being marketed. Their business changed to being an importer and distributor. In 1960 the company started handling the Umeco brand of surveying instruments and then added instruments from Japan made by Sokkisha. The Frank Paxton Company purchased the business in 1965 and moved its headquarters to Kansas City, Missouri. The company name was also changed to The Lietz Company. Additional restructuring took place during the early 1990's and the firm name was again changed, this time to Sokkia. ATTWOOD'S MINING CLINOMETER - Universal Pocket Instrument advertised by A. Lietz Co. in the company’s 1899 catalog; marked M. ATTWOOD’S MINING CLINOMETER, MADE BY A. LIETZ CO., SURVEYING INSTRUMENT MAKERS, 422 SACRAMENTO ST. SAN FRANCISCO, with a list of FALL OF ANGLES; made of aluminum alloy with horizontal and vertical bubble levels; 6 3/8 in. long x 3 in. high x 7/16 in. thick; clinometer and compass dials 2 1/4 in. dia. with locking controls (While google turned up very little on M. Attwood, the following provides information on the maker Adolph Lietz. Adolph Lietz was born in Leubeck, Germany in 1860. He immigrated to San Francisco in 1879 and worked in several scientific instrument shops before opening his own business. Lietz purchased the business of Carl Rahsskopff in 1880 and began his own business in 1882. Lietz originally joint ventured with another maker, Gottlieb A. Mauerhan, to form Lietz and Mauerhan, a relationship that lasted for about a year. Following Mauerhan's departure, Lietz paired up with Conrad J. Weinmann who had previously worked for Carl Rahsskopff. The company was renamed A. Lietz & Co. and at that time produced surveying instruments and related tools. The firm incorporated in 1892 under the name The A. Lietz Company and Weinmann left at about that time. In 1910 a complete line of drafting materials and engineering equipment was added. In 1947, after 65 years of production, the firm discontinued the manufacturing of surveying instruments. The reason given was that it would be necessary and very costly to retool in order to manufacture the types of modern instruments then being marketed. Their business changed to being an importer and distributor. In 1960 the company started handling the Umeco brand of surveying instruments and then added instruments from Japan made by Sokkisha. The Frank Paxton Company purchased the business in 1965 and moved its headquarters to Kansas City, Missouri. The company name was also changed to The Lietz Company. Additional restructuring took place during the early 1990's and the firm name was again changed, this time to Sokkia. slides/Lietz Universal Pocket Instrument with Leather Case.JPG slides/Lietz Universal Pocket Instrument.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 ATTWOOD'S MINING CLINOMETER - Universal Pocket Instrument advertised by A. Lietz Co. in the company’s 1899 catalog; marked M. ATTWOOD’S MINING CLINOMETER, MADE BY A. LIETZ CO., SURVEYING INSTRUMENT MAKERS, 422 SACRAMENTO ST. SAN FRANCISCO, with a list of FALL OF ANGLES; made of aluminum alloy with horizontal and vertical bubble levels; 6 3/8 in. long x 3 in. high x 7/16 in. thick; clinometer and compass dials 2 1/4 in. dia. with locking controls (While google turned up very little on M. Attwood, the following provides information on the maker Adolph Lietz. Adolph Lietz was born in Leubeck, Germany in 1860. He immigrated to San Francisco in 1879 and worked in several scientific instrument shops before opening his own business. Lietz purchased the business of Carl Rahsskopff in 1880 and began his own business in 1882. Lietz originally joint ventured with another maker, Gottlieb A. Mauerhan, to form Lietz and Mauerhan, a relationship that lasted for about a year. Following Mauerhan's departure, Lietz paired up with Conrad J. Weinmann who had previously worked for Carl Rahsskopff. The company was renamed A. Lietz & Co. and at that time produced surveying instruments and related tools. The firm incorporated in 1892 under the name The A. Lietz Company and Weinmann left at about that time. In 1910 a complete line of drafting materials and engineering equipment was added. In 1947, after 65 years of production, the firm discontinued the manufacturing of surveying instruments. The reason given was that it would be necessary and very costly to retool in order to manufacture the types of modern instruments then being marketed. Their business changed to being an importer and distributor. In 1960 the company started handling the Umeco brand of surveying instruments and then added instruments from Japan made by Sokkisha. The Frank Paxton Company purchased the business in 1965 and moved its headquarters to Kansas City, Missouri. The company name was also changed to The Lietz Company. Additional restructuring took place during the early 1990's and the firm name was again changed, this time to Sokkia. ATTWOOD'S MINING CLINOMETER - Universal Pocket Instrument advertised by A. Lietz Co. in the company’s 1899 catalog; marked M. ATTWOOD’S MINING CLINOMETER, MADE BY A. LIETZ CO., SURVEYING INSTRUMENT MAKERS, 422 SACRAMENTO ST. SAN FRANCISCO, with a list of FALL OF ANGLES; made of aluminum alloy with horizontal and vertical bubble levels; 6 3/8 in. long x 3 in. high x 7/16 in. thick; clinometer and compass dials 2 1/4 in. dia. with locking controls (While google turned up very little on M. Attwood, the following provides information on the maker Adolph Lietz. Adolph Lietz was born in Leubeck, Germany in 1860. He immigrated to San Francisco in 1879 and worked in several scientific instrument shops before opening his own business. Lietz purchased the business of Carl Rahsskopff in 1880 and began his own business in 1882. Lietz originally joint ventured with another maker, Gottlieb A. Mauerhan, to form Lietz and Mauerhan, a relationship that lasted for about a year. Following Mauerhan's departure, Lietz paired up with Conrad J. Weinmann who had previously worked for Carl Rahsskopff. The company was renamed A. Lietz & Co. and at that time produced surveying instruments and related tools. The firm incorporated in 1892 under the name The A. Lietz Company and Weinmann left at about that time. In 1910 a complete line of drafting materials and engineering equipment was added. In 1947, after 65 years of production, the firm discontinued the manufacturing of surveying instruments. The reason given was that it would be necessary and very costly to retool in order to manufacture the types of modern instruments then being marketed. Their business changed to being an importer and distributor. In 1960 the company started handling the Umeco brand of surveying instruments and then added instruments from Japan made by Sokkisha. The Frank Paxton Company purchased the business in 1965 and moved its headquarters to Kansas City, Missouri. The company name was also changed to The Lietz Company. Additional restructuring took place during the early 1990's and the firm name was again changed, this time to Sokkia. slides/Lietz Universal Pocket Instrument.JPG slides/1899 Lietz Catalog Listing for Universal Pocket Instrument.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 ATTWOOD'S MINING CLINOMETER - The A. Lietz Co. Catalog for 1899 features the Universal Pocket Instrument on p 188. The description reads: "This is a new Universal Pocket Instrument with M. Attwood's Mining Clinometer. It is not only the most useful Clinometer and Compass for Mining Work but the combination admits to make an entire Reconnaissance Survey within the degree of accuracy to be expected from a Pocket Instrument. It is made of our special Aluminum Alloy and weighs inclusive of leather case 8 ounces. Price complete with case $15.00" ATTWOOD'S MINING CLINOMETER - The A. Lietz Co. Catalog for 1899 features the Universal Pocket Instrument on p 188. The description reads: "This is a new Universal Pocket Instrument with M. Attwood's Mining Clinometer. It is not only the most useful Clinometer and Compass for Mining Work but the combination admits to make an entire Reconnaissance Survey within the degree of accuracy to be expected from a Pocket Instrument. It is made of our special Aluminum Alloy and weighs inclusive of leather case 8 ounces. Price complete with case $15.00" slides/1899 Lietz Catalog Listing for Universal Pocket Instrument.JPG slides/Lorain Coal Promotional Lighter.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 LORAIN COAL PROMOTIONAL LIGHTER - Cigarette lighter converted from an AutoLite carbide lamp, promotional item provided by The Lorain Coal & Dock Sales Co. Cleveland, Ohio and marked as such on a red and gold metal band attached to the bottom, lead has been added inside the bottom for weight, the hook has been removed, a wick has replaced the burner tip and a wick snuffer has been added to the reflector, batting for the lighter fluid fills the water tank and the water door provides a means to add fluid, new old stock condition, ex-Henry Pohs collection LORAIN COAL PROMOTIONAL LIGHTER - Cigarette lighter converted from an AutoLite carbide lamp, promotional item provided by The Lorain Coal & Dock Sales Co. Cleveland, Ohio and marked as such on a red and gold metal band attached to the bottom, lead has been added inside the bottom for weight, the hook has been removed, a wick has replaced the burner tip and a wick snuffer has been added to the reflector, batting for the lighter fluid fills the water tank and the water door provides a means to add fluid, new old stock condition, ex-Henry Pohs collection slides/Lorain Coal Promotional Lighter.JPG slides/Lowne's Air Meter.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 LOWNE'S AIR METER - Mine ventilation air meter, anodized brass with 8 aluminum vanes at right angle to dial and gear lever to start and stop measurements, 2 5/16 in. dial measuring tens, hundreds and thousands of feet, vane casing 2 3/4 in. dia., dial marked AIR METER, Serial #2025, ROBSON, NEWCASTLE ON TYNE, base marked LOWNE’S SILVER MEDAL AIR METER, with card noting correction for air meter No. 2025 and International Inventions Exhibition Awarded Silver Medal, fitted mahogany box 4 1/4 in. wide x 4 in. deep x 3 3/4 equipped with spigot mounting bracket (Robert Mann Lowne was the son of a doctor, Benjamin Thompson Lowne, who moved to London to train at Barts Medical College in 1842. He later moved to the Farringdon Dispensary in Bartletts Passage in Holborn. Robert was the second son, born in 1844. His elder brother, also Benjamin Thompson Lowne, became a noted surgeon and lecturer at the Middlesex Hospital, but little is known about Robert's early life. His first patent, taken out in 1865, was for a spirometer, an instrument for measuring the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs showing his knowledge of things medical. From then on a great number of patents were taken out by Robert Mann Lowne and from 1872 he and his family lived in East End, Finchley where he became known as an inventor and scientific instrument maker. His invention of a portable air meter shown here was awarded a silver medal at the International Inventions Exhibition held in London in 1885. Originally produced by Casella in London, this example was made by noted instrument maker F. Robson, Newcastle on Tyne in the late 1800s. Lowne and his wife, Emily, had four children, two of whom, Robert James Mann Lowne and Benjamin Thomson Lowne, joined him in the business. By 1894 the family moved to Lewisharn where they occupied a large house at 108 Bromley Road. All the work was carried out by the three family members which is quite surprising considering the volume of work undertaken by the company in the early years of the 20th century. The Lowne Electric Clock and Appliance Company was set up in 1904 as a limited company to exploit the patents for electric clocks taken out by the company. Contracts were undertaken to provide the Arsenal with an electric master clock system, with 46 slave clocks needing 6.5 miles of cabling and run from Leclanché cells, as well as one for the South Metropolitan Gas Works. A new workshop at the Bromley Road address was built in 1905 to be able to fulfill these orders. The company did not prosper and was, for a while, taken over in the 1920s by the Magneta Company. The Lownes continued to work at home for Magneta, until 1926 when the company reverted to the Lowne family. The company moved to Boones Street where a former wheelwright's premises was to be their home until 2002. Robert Mann Lowne died in 1928 and his two sons with RJM Lowne's son, Frederick James Mann Lowne, continuing the business. With the advent of the National Grid, mains clocks were possible and so the Lownes made synchronous clocks both for the home and for industry. Their most profitable years were in the 1940s when war work kept them occupied. The company closed the business and sold off the equipment in 2002. See Sue Hayton, Greenwich Industrial History, Vol. 5, Issue 3, May 2002) LOWNE'S AIR METER - Mine ventilation air meter, anodized brass with 8 aluminum vanes at right angle to dial and gear lever to start and stop measurements, 2 5/16 in. dial measuring tens, hundreds and thousands of feet, vane casing 2 3/4 in. dia., dial marked AIR METER, Serial #2025, ROBSON, NEWCASTLE ON TYNE, base marked LOWNE’S SILVER MEDAL AIR METER, with card noting correction for air meter No. 2025 and International Inventions Exhibition Awarded Silver Medal, fitted mahogany box 4 1/4 in. wide x 4 in. deep x 3 3/4 equipped with spigot mounting bracket (Robert Mann Lowne was the son of a doctor, Benjamin Thompson Lowne, who moved to London to train at Barts Medical College in 1842. He later moved to the Farringdon Dispensary in Bartletts Passage in Holborn. Robert was the second son, born in 1844. His elder brother, also Benjamin Thompson Lowne, became a noted surgeon and lecturer at the Middlesex Hospital, but little is known about Robert's early life. His first patent, taken out in 1865, was for a spirometer, an instrument for measuring the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs showing his knowledge of things medical. From then on a great number of patents were taken out by Robert Mann Lowne and from 1872 he and his family lived in East End, Finchley where he became known as an inventor and scientific instrument maker. His invention of a portable air meter shown here was awarded a silver medal at the International Inventions Exhibition held in London in 1885. Originally produced by Casella in London, this example was made by noted instrument maker F. Robson, Newcastle on Tyne in the late 1800s. Lowne and his wife, Emily, had four children, two of whom, Robert James Mann Lowne and Benjamin Thomson Lowne, joined him in the business. By 1894 the family moved to Lewisharn where they occupied a large house at 108 Bromley Road. All the work was carried out by the three family members which is quite surprising considering the volume of work undertaken by the company in the early years of the 20th century. The Lowne Electric Clock and Appliance Company was set up in 1904 as a limited company to exploit the patents for electric clocks taken out by the company. Contracts were undertaken to provide the Arsenal with an electric master clock system, with 46 slave clocks needing 6.5 miles of cabling and run from Leclanché cells, as well as one for the South Metropolitan Gas Works. A new workshop at the Bromley Road address was built in 1905 to be able to fulfill these orders. The company did not prosper and was, for a while, taken over in the 1920s by the Magneta Company. The Lownes continued to work at home for Magneta, until 1926 when the company reverted to the Lowne family. The company moved to Boones Street where a former wheelwright's premises was to be their home until 2002. Robert Mann Lowne died in 1928 and his two sons with RJM Lowne's son, Frederick James Mann Lowne, continuing the business. With the advent of the National Grid, mains clocks were possible and so the Lownes made synchronous clocks both for the home and for industry. Their most profitable years were in the 1940s when war work kept them occupied. The company closed the business and sold off the equipment in 2002. See Sue Hayton, Greenwich Industrial History, Vol. 5, Issue 3, May 2002) slides/Lowne's Air Meter.JPG slides/Lowne's Air Meter with Box.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 LOWNE'S AIR METER - Mine ventilation air meter, anodized brass with 8 aluminum vanes at right angle to dial and gear lever to start and stop measurements, 2 5/16 in. dial measuring tens, hundreds and thousands of feet, vane casing 2 3/4 in. dia., dial marked AIR METER, Serial #2025, ROBSON, NEWCASTLE ON TYNE, base marked LOWNE’S SILVER MEDAL AIR METER, with card noting correction for air meter No. 2025 and International Inventions Exhibition Awarded Silver Medal, fitted mahogany box 4 1/4 in. wide x 4 in. deep x 3 3/4 equipped with spigot mounting bracket (Robert Mann Lowne was the son of a doctor, Benjamin Thompson Lowne, who moved to London to train at Barts Medical College in 1842. He later moved to the Farringdon Dispensary in Bartletts Passage in Holborn. Robert was the second son, born in 1844. His elder brother, also Benjamin Thompson Lowne, became a noted surgeon and lecturer at the Middlesex Hospital, but little is known about Robert's early life. His first patent, taken out in 1865, was for a spirometer, an instrument for measuring the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs showing his knowledge of things medical. From then on a great number of patents were taken out by Robert Mann Lowne and from 1872 he and his family lived in East End, Finchley where he became known as an inventor and scientific instrument maker. His invention of a portable air meter shown here was awarded a silver medal at the International Inventions Exhibition held in London in 1885. Originally produced by Casella in London, this example was made by noted instrument maker F. Robson, Newcastle on Tyne in the late 1800s. Lowne and his wife, Emily, had four children, two of whom, Robert James Mann Lowne and Benjamin Thomson Lowne, joined him in the business. By 1894 the family moved to Lewisharn where they occupied a large house at 108 Bromley Road. All the work was carried out by the three family members which is quite surprising considering the volume of work undertaken by the company in the early years of the 20th century. The Lowne Electric Clock and Appliance Company was set up in 1904 as a limited company to exploit the patents for electric clocks taken out by the company. Contracts were undertaken to provide the Arsenal with an electric master clock system, with 46 slave clocks needing 6.5 miles of cabling and run from Leclanché cells, as well as one for the South Metropolitan Gas Works. A new workshop at the Bromley Road address was built in 1905 to be able to fulfill these orders. The company did not prosper and was, for a while, taken over in the 1920s by the Magneta Company. The Lownes continued to work at home for Magneta, until 1926 when the company reverted to the Lowne family. The company moved to Boones Street where a former wheelwright's premises was to be their home until 2002. Robert Mann Lowne died in 1928 and his two sons with RJM Lowne's son, Frederick James Mann Lowne, continuing the business. With the advent of the National Grid, mains clocks were possible and so the Lownes made synchronous clocks both for the home and for industry. Their most profitable years were in the 1940s when war work kept them occupied. The company closed the business and sold off the equipment in 2002. See Sue Hayton, Greenwich Industrial History, Vol. 5, Issue 3, May 2002) LOWNE'S AIR METER - Mine ventilation air meter, anodized brass with 8 aluminum vanes at right angle to dial and gear lever to start and stop measurements, 2 5/16 in. dial measuring tens, hundreds and thousands of feet, vane casing 2 3/4 in. dia., dial marked AIR METER, Serial #2025, ROBSON, NEWCASTLE ON TYNE, base marked LOWNE’S SILVER MEDAL AIR METER, with card noting correction for air meter No. 2025 and International Inventions Exhibition Awarded Silver Medal, fitted mahogany box 4 1/4 in. wide x 4 in. deep x 3 3/4 equipped with spigot mounting bracket (Robert Mann Lowne was the son of a doctor, Benjamin Thompson Lowne, who moved to London to train at Barts Medical College in 1842. He later moved to the Farringdon Dispensary in Bartletts Passage in Holborn. Robert was the second son, born in 1844. His elder brother, also Benjamin Thompson Lowne, became a noted surgeon and lecturer at the Middlesex Hospital, but little is known about Robert's early life. His first patent, taken out in 1865, was for a spirometer, an instrument for measuring the volume of air entering and leaving the lungs showing his knowledge of things medical. From then on a great number of patents were taken out by Robert Mann Lowne and from 1872 he and his family lived in East End, Finchley where he became known as an inventor and scientific instrument maker. His invention of a portable air meter shown here was awarded a silver medal at the International Inventions Exhibition held in London in 1885. Originally produced by Casella in London, this example was made by noted instrument maker F. Robson, Newcastle on Tyne in the late 1800s. Lowne and his wife, Emily, had four children, two of whom, Robert James Mann Lowne and Benjamin Thomson Lowne, joined him in the business. By 1894 the family moved to Lewisharn where they occupied a large house at 108 Bromley Road. All the work was carried out by the three family members which is quite surprising considering the volume of work undertaken by the company in the early years of the 20th century. The Lowne Electric Clock and Appliance Company was set up in 1904 as a limited company to exploit the patents for electric clocks taken out by the company. Contracts were undertaken to provide the Arsenal with an electric master clock system, with 46 slave clocks needing 6.5 miles of cabling and run from Leclanché cells, as well as one for the South Metropolitan Gas Works. A new workshop at the Bromley Road address was built in 1905 to be able to fulfill these orders. The company did not prosper and was, for a while, taken over in the 1920s by the Magneta Company. The Lownes continued to work at home for Magneta, until 1926 when the company reverted to the Lowne family. The company moved to Boones Street where a former wheelwright's premises was to be their home until 2002. Robert Mann Lowne died in 1928 and his two sons with RJM Lowne's son, Frederick James Mann Lowne, continuing the business. With the advent of the National Grid, mains clocks were possible and so the Lownes made synchronous clocks both for the home and for industry. Their most profitable years were in the 1940s when war work kept them occupied. The company closed the business and sold off the equipment in 2002. See Sue Hayton, Greenwich Industrial History, Vol. 5, Issue 3, May 2002) slides/Lowne's Air Meter with Box.JPG slides/Miners Check Tag Front.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 MINERS CHECK TAG - Brass miner’s check tag, marked on front ST.L.R.M. & P.CO. and BRILLIANT NEW MEXICO, reverse marked IDENTIFICATION CHECK 233, 1 1/8 in. dia. (These brass tags, sometimes called check tags or pit tags, were carried for safety. Each tag had the miner's identification number on it. Each numbered check corresponded to a numbered nail on a large wooden board. If the miner did not return his check at the end of the day, a rescue team was sent in to find him. In the event of an emergency, the boss could look at the tag board and know who was still underground. Brilliant is a ghost town in Colfax County, New Mexico west of the town of Raton. It is now part of the Vermejo Park Ranch and what little remains of the town is on private gated property. The town of Brilliant took form in 1906 and was owned by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad. It was a coal-mining town supplying coal to the Santa Fe Railroad for locomotive use. In 1907, the population was 350 and supported a telephone company, a school, several hotels, a boarding house, mercantile stores, a sheriff and a town doctor. The town continued a lively existence until 1935. Today no one lives there but there are a few partially intact buildings to mark the site. One of the most important coal and railway developments of New Mexico was the transfer of the coal lands of the Maxwell Land Grant Company and the coal mines of the Raton Coal and Coke Company to a new corporation, the St. Louis, Rocky Mountain and Pacific Company, whose initials mark the miner's check tag. As of 1907, the company owned about 200,000 acres in fee simple, and controlled directly the coal and mining rights of 300,000 acres more. It probably owned more coal land than any other corporation in the United States. The company developed several mines in the area including a mine at Brilliant. The Brilliant mine was located on the so-called Tinpan seam. This coal was a good domestic fuel and also possessed extraordinary coking properties. The Brilliant mine in 1907 had a production of 500 tons per day. See 1907 Reports of the Department of Interior, Washington DC, Government Printing Office MINERS CHECK TAG - Brass miner’s check tag, marked on front ST.L.R.M. & P.CO. and BRILLIANT NEW MEXICO, reverse marked IDENTIFICATION CHECK 233, 1 1/8 in. dia. (These brass tags, sometimes called check tags or pit tags, were carried for safety. Each tag had the miner's identification number on it. Each numbered check corresponded to a numbered nail on a large wooden board. If the miner did not return his check at the end of the day, a rescue team was sent in to find him. In the event of an emergency, the boss could look at the tag board and know who was still underground. Brilliant is a ghost town in Colfax County, New Mexico west of the town of Raton. It is now part of the Vermejo Park Ranch and what little remains of the town is on private gated property. The town of Brilliant took form in 1906 and was owned by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad. It was a coal-mining town supplying coal to the Santa Fe Railroad for locomotive use. In 1907, the population was 350 and supported a telephone company, a school, several hotels, a boarding house, mercantile stores, a sheriff and a town doctor. The town continued a lively existence until 1935. Today no one lives there but there are a few partially intact buildings to mark the site. One of the most important coal and railway developments of New Mexico was the transfer of the coal lands of the Maxwell Land Grant Company and the coal mines of the Raton Coal and Coke Company to a new corporation, the St. Louis, Rocky Mountain and Pacific Company, whose initials mark the miner's check tag. As of 1907, the company owned about 200,000 acres in fee simple, and controlled directly the coal and mining rights of 300,000 acres more. It probably owned more coal land than any other corporation in the United States. The company developed several mines in the area including a mine at Brilliant. The Brilliant mine was located on the so-called Tinpan seam. This coal was a good domestic fuel and also possessed extraordinary coking properties. The Brilliant mine in 1907 had a production of 500 tons per day. See 1907 Reports of the Department of Interior, Washington DC, Government Printing Office slides/Miners Check Tag Front.jpg slides/Miners Check Tag Reverse.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 MINERS CHECK TAG - Brass miner’s check tag, marked on front ST.L.R.M. & P.CO. and BRILLIANT NEW MEXICO, reverse marked IDENTIFICATION CHECK 233, 1 1/8 in. dia. (These brass tags, sometimes called check tags or pit tags, were carried for safety. Each tag had the miner's identification number on it. Each numbered check corresponded to a numbered nail on a large wooden board. If the miner did not return his check at the end of the day, a rescue team was sent in to find him. In the event of an emergency, the boss could look at the tag board and know who was still underground. Brilliant is a ghost town in Colfax County, New Mexico west of the town of Raton. It is now part of the Vermejo Park Ranch and what little remains of the town is on private gated property. The town of Brilliant took form in 1906 and was owned by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad. It was a coal-mining town supplying coal to the Santa Fe Railroad for locomotive use. In 1907, the population was 350 and supported a telephone company, a school, several hotels, a boarding house, mercantile stores, a sheriff and a town doctor. The town continued a lively existence until 1935. Today no one lives there but there are a few partially intact buildings to mark the site. One of the most important coal and railway developments of New Mexico was the transfer of the coal lands of the Maxwell Land Grant Company and the coal mines of the Raton Coal and Coke Company to a new corporation, the St. Louis, Rocky Mountain and Pacific Company, whose initials mark the miner's check tag. As of 1907, the company owned about 200,000 acres in fee simple, and controlled directly the coal and mining rights of 300,000 acres more. It probably owned more coal land than any other corporation in the United States. The company developed several mines in the area including a mine at Brilliant. The Brilliant mine was located on the so-called Tinpan seam. This coal was a good domestic fuel and also possessed extraordinary coking properties. The Brilliant mine in 1907 had a production of 500 tons per day. See 1907 Reports of the Department of Interior, Washington DC, Government Printing Office MINERS CHECK TAG - Brass miner’s check tag, marked on front ST.L.R.M. & P.CO. and BRILLIANT NEW MEXICO, reverse marked IDENTIFICATION CHECK 233, 1 1/8 in. dia. (These brass tags, sometimes called check tags or pit tags, were carried for safety. Each tag had the miner's identification number on it. Each numbered check corresponded to a numbered nail on a large wooden board. If the miner did not return his check at the end of the day, a rescue team was sent in to find him. In the event of an emergency, the boss could look at the tag board and know who was still underground. Brilliant is a ghost town in Colfax County, New Mexico west of the town of Raton. It is now part of the Vermejo Park Ranch and what little remains of the town is on private gated property. The town of Brilliant took form in 1906 and was owned by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad. It was a coal-mining town supplying coal to the Santa Fe Railroad for locomotive use. In 1907, the population was 350 and supported a telephone company, a school, several hotels, a boarding house, mercantile stores, a sheriff and a town doctor. The town continued a lively existence until 1935. Today no one lives there but there are a few partially intact buildings to mark the site. One of the most important coal and railway developments of New Mexico was the transfer of the coal lands of the Maxwell Land Grant Company and the coal mines of the Raton Coal and Coke Company to a new corporation, the St. Louis, Rocky Mountain and Pacific Company, whose initials mark the miner's check tag. As of 1907, the company owned about 200,000 acres in fee simple, and controlled directly the coal and mining rights of 300,000 acres more. It probably owned more coal land than any other corporation in the United States. The company developed several mines in the area including a mine at Brilliant. The Brilliant mine was located on the so-called Tinpan seam. This coal was a good domestic fuel and also possessed extraordinary coking properties. The Brilliant mine in 1907 had a production of 500 tons per day. See 1907 Reports of the Department of Interior, Washington DC, Government Printing Office slides/Miners Check Tag Reverse.jpg slides/Miners' Improved Gold Scale Closed.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 MINERS' IMPROVED GOLD SCALE - Tin cased miners gold scale, dark green exterior and interior color, marked MINERS’ IMPROVED GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSLY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center clutching an olive branch and three arrows in its talons and bearing a shield across its breast, 5 1/2 in. wide x 3 in. deep x 1 3/16 in. high in rectangular shape, brass beam, pans and chains with 3 knobbed troy weights (2,1,1/2), 6 pennyweights (10,5,2,2,1,1/2 dwt) and 3 grains (6,5,4) in a 4-hole wooden block (The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and perhaps into the 1860s and came in a variety of bright colors including light and dark green, royal blue, dark yellow, ocher brown, red, and maroon among others and in both oval and rectangular shapes in sizes from up to 7 in. long by up to 3 1/2 in. wide and 1 1/2 in. deep; most were marked Miners’ Improved Gold Scale as the model shown here; little is known about the makers, although some are thought to be German; all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains although some have iron pointers as the scale shown here; troy weights were typically included; an earlier rare pocket scale marked Miners Gold Scale without the Improved are found; see Millet, Mining Artifact Collector #8, pp 25-27) MINERS' IMPROVED GOLD SCALE - Tin cased miners gold scale, dark green exterior and interior color, marked MINERS’ IMPROVED GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSLY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center clutching an olive branch and three arrows in its talons and bearing a shield across its breast, 5 1/2 in. wide x 3 in. deep x 1 3/16 in. high in rectangular shape, brass beam, pans and chains with 3 knobbed troy weights (2,1,1/2), 6 pennyweights (10,5,2,2,1,1/2 dwt) and 3 grains (6,5,4) in a 4-hole wooden block (The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and perhaps into the 1860s and came in a variety of bright colors including light and dark green, royal blue, dark yellow, ocher brown, red, and maroon among others and in both oval and rectangular shapes in sizes from up to 7 in. long by up to 3 1/2 in. wide and 1 1/2 in. deep; most were marked Miners’ Improved Gold Scale as the model shown here; little is known about the makers, although some are thought to be German; all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains although some have iron pointers as the scale shown here; troy weights were typically included; an earlier rare pocket scale marked Miners Gold Scale without the Improved are found; see Millet, Mining Artifact Collector #8, pp 25-27) slides/Miners' Improved Gold Scale Closed.jpg slides/Miners' Improved Gold Scale Open.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 MINERS' IMPROVED GOLD SCALE - Tin cased miners gold scale, dark green exterior and interior color, marked MINERS’ IMPROVED GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSLY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center clutching an olive branch and three arrows in its talons and bearing a shield across its breast, 5 1/2 in. wide x 3 in. deep x 1 3/16 in. high in rectangular shape, brass beam, pans and chains with 3 knobbed troy weights (2,1,1/2), 6 pennyweights (10,5,2,2,1,1/2 dwt) and 3 grains (6,5,4) in a 4-hole wooden block (The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and perhaps into the 1860s and came in a variety of bright colors including light and dark green, royal blue, dark yellow, ocher brown, red, and maroon among others and in both oval and rectangular shapes in sizes from up to 7 in. long by up to 3 1/2 in. wide and 1 1/2 in. deep; most were marked Miners’ Improved Gold Scale as the model shown here; little is known about the makers, although some are thought to be German; all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains although some have iron pointers as the scale shown here; troy weights were typically included; an earlier rare pocket scale marked Miners Gold Scale without the Improved are found; see Millet, Mining Artifact Collector #8, pp 25-27) MINERS' IMPROVED GOLD SCALE - Tin cased miners gold scale, dark green exterior and interior color, marked MINERS’ IMPROVED GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSLY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center clutching an olive branch and three arrows in its talons and bearing a shield across its breast, 5 1/2 in. wide x 3 in. deep x 1 3/16 in. high in rectangular shape, brass beam, pans and chains with 3 knobbed troy weights (2,1,1/2), 6 pennyweights (10,5,2,2,1,1/2 dwt) and 3 grains (6,5,4) in a 4-hole wooden block (The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and perhaps into the 1860s and came in a variety of bright colors including light and dark green, royal blue, dark yellow, ocher brown, red, and maroon among others and in both oval and rectangular shapes in sizes from up to 7 in. long by up to 3 1/2 in. wide and 1 1/2 in. deep; most were marked Miners’ Improved Gold Scale as the model shown here; little is known about the makers, although some are thought to be German; all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains although some have iron pointers as the scale shown here; troy weights were typically included; an earlier rare pocket scale marked Miners Gold Scale without the Improved are found; see Millet, Mining Artifact Collector #8, pp 25-27) slides/Miners' Improved Gold Scale Open.jpg slides/Miners' Improved Gold Scale Weights.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 MINERS' IMPROVED GOLD SCALE - Tin cased miners gold scale, dark green exterior and interior color, marked MINERS’ IMPROVED GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSLY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center clutching an olive branch and three arrows in its talons and bearing a shield across its breast, 5 1/2 in. wide x 3 in. deep x 1 3/16 in. high in rectangular shape, brass beam, pans and chains with 3 knobbed troy weights (2,1,1/2), 6 pennyweights (10,5,2,2,1,1/2 dwt) and 3 grains (6,5,4) in a 4-hole wooden block (The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and perhaps into the 1860s and came in a variety of bright colors including light and dark green, royal blue, dark yellow, ocher brown, red, and maroon among others and in both oval and rectangular shapes in sizes from up to 7 in. long by up to 3 1/2 in. wide and 1 1/2 in. deep; most were marked Miners’ Improved Gold Scale as the model shown here; little is known about the makers, although some are thought to be German; all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains although some have iron pointers as the scale shown here; troy weights were typically included; an earlier rare pocket scale marked Miners Gold Scale without the Improved are found; see Millet, Mining Artifact Collector #8, pp 25-27) MINERS' IMPROVED GOLD SCALE - Tin cased miners gold scale, dark green exterior and interior color, marked MINERS’ IMPROVED GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSLY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center clutching an olive branch and three arrows in its talons and bearing a shield across its breast, 5 1/2 in. wide x 3 in. deep x 1 3/16 in. high in rectangular shape, brass beam, pans and chains with 3 knobbed troy weights (2,1,1/2), 6 pennyweights (10,5,2,2,1,1/2 dwt) and 3 grains (6,5,4) in a 4-hole wooden block (The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and perhaps into the 1860s and came in a variety of bright colors including light and dark green, royal blue, dark yellow, ocher brown, red, and maroon among others and in both oval and rectangular shapes in sizes from up to 7 in. long by up to 3 1/2 in. wide and 1 1/2 in. deep; most were marked Miners’ Improved Gold Scale as the model shown here; little is known about the makers, although some are thought to be German; all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains although some have iron pointers as the scale shown here; troy weights were typically included; an earlier rare pocket scale marked Miners Gold Scale without the Improved are found; see Millet, Mining Artifact Collector #8, pp 25-27) slides/Miners' Improved Gold Scale Weights.jpg slides/Miners' Improved Gold Scale.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 MINERS' IMPROVED GOLD SCALE - Tin cased miners gold scale, dark green exterior and interior color, marked MINERS’ IMPROVED GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSLY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center clutching an olive branch and three arrows in its talons and bearing a shield across its breast, 5 1/2 in. wide x 3 in. deep x 1 3/16 in. high in rectangular shape, brass beam, pans and chains with 3 knobbed troy weights (2,1,1/2), 6 pennyweights (10,5,2,2,1,1/2 dwt) and 3 grains (6,5,4) in a 4-hole wooden block (The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and perhaps into the 1860s and came in a variety of bright colors including light and dark green, royal blue, dark yellow, ocher brown, red, and maroon among others and in both oval and rectangular shapes in sizes from up to 7 in. long by up to 3 1/2 in. wide and 1 1/2 in. deep; most were marked Miners’ Improved Gold Scale as the model shown here; little is known about the makers, although some are thought to be German; all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains although some have iron pointers as the scale shown here; troy weights were typically included; an earlier rare pocket scale marked Miners Gold Scale without the Improved are found; see Millet, Mining Artifact Collector #8, pp 25-27) MINERS' IMPROVED GOLD SCALE - Tin cased miners gold scale, dark green exterior and interior color, marked MINERS’ IMPROVED GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSLY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center clutching an olive branch and three arrows in its talons and bearing a shield across its breast, 5 1/2 in. wide x 3 in. deep x 1 3/16 in. high in rectangular shape, brass beam, pans and chains with 3 knobbed troy weights (2,1,1/2), 6 pennyweights (10,5,2,2,1,1/2 dwt) and 3 grains (6,5,4) in a 4-hole wooden block (The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and perhaps into the 1860s and came in a variety of bright colors including light and dark green, royal blue, dark yellow, ocher brown, red, and maroon among others and in both oval and rectangular shapes in sizes from up to 7 in. long by up to 3 1/2 in. wide and 1 1/2 in. deep; most were marked Miners’ Improved Gold Scale as the model shown here; little is known about the makers, although some are thought to be German; all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains although some have iron pointers as the scale shown here; troy weights were typically included; an earlier rare pocket scale marked Miners Gold Scale without the Improved are found; see Millet, Mining Artifact Collector #8, pp 25-27) slides/Miners' Improved Gold Scale.jpg slides/Miners Improved Gold Scale II Closed.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 MINERS' IMPROVED GOLD SCALE II - Tin cased miners gold scale, black exterior and orange interior color, marked MINERS’ IMPROVED GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSLY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center clutching an olive branch and three arrows in its talons and bearing a shield across its breast, 6 3/8 in. wide x 2 7/8 in. deep x 1 5/16 in. high in oval shape, brass beam, pans and chains with 4 uncommon dollar knobbed weights ($5,$3,$1,$1) and 1,2,4,5 grain weights, exterior painted surface with extensive wear but readable markings (The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and perhaps into the 1860s and came in a variety of bright colors including light and dark green, royal blue, dark yellow, ocher brown, red, and maroon among others and in both oval and rectangular shapes in sizes from up to 7 in. long by up to 3 1/2 in. wide and 1 1/2 in. deep; the more common exterior colors were red, brown and dark green while dark blue, yellow and black are rarer; most were marked Miners’ Improved Gold Scale as the model shown here; little is known about the makers, although some are thought to be German; all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains although some have iron pointers as the scale shown here; troy weights were typically included although this set has an interesting set of dollar weights. The dollar weights were used to convert the weight of gold being measured into a straightforward dollar value. The official value of gold was set by the US at $20.67 per troy ounce from 1837 till 1933. The Gold Reserve Act of 1934 increased the official value of gold to $35 per troy ounce. The dollar weights are the proper weight in troy ounces that would correspond to the dollar value pegged at the official gold price of $20.67 per troy ounce. For example, the $5 weight is roughly 1/4 troy ounce and so forth for the $3 and $1. It should be noted that an earlier pocket scale marked Miners Gold Scale without the Improved is found; see Millet, Mining Artifact Collector #8, pp 25-27) MINERS' IMPROVED GOLD SCALE II - Tin cased miners gold scale, black exterior and orange interior color, marked MINERS’ IMPROVED GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSLY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center clutching an olive branch and three arrows in its talons and bearing a shield across its breast, 6 3/8 in. wide x 2 7/8 in. deep x 1 5/16 in. high in oval shape, brass beam, pans and chains with 4 uncommon dollar knobbed weights ($5,$3,$1,$1) and 1,2,4,5 grain weights, exterior painted surface with extensive wear but readable markings (The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and perhaps into the 1860s and came in a variety of bright colors including light and dark green, royal blue, dark yellow, ocher brown, red, and maroon among others and in both oval and rectangular shapes in sizes from up to 7 in. long by up to 3 1/2 in. wide and 1 1/2 in. deep; the more common exterior colors were red, brown and dark green while dark blue, yellow and black are rarer; most were marked Miners’ Improved Gold Scale as the model shown here; little is known about the makers, although some are thought to be German; all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains although some have iron pointers as the scale shown here; troy weights were typically included although this set has an interesting set of dollar weights. The dollar weights were used to convert the weight of gold being measured into a straightforward dollar value. The official value of gold was set by the US at $20.67 per troy ounce from 1837 till 1933. The Gold Reserve Act of 1934 increased the official value of gold to $35 per troy ounce. The dollar weights are the proper weight in troy ounces that would correspond to the dollar value pegged at the official gold price of $20.67 per troy ounce. For example, the $5 weight is roughly 1/4 troy ounce and so forth for the $3 and $1. It should be noted that an earlier pocket scale marked Miners Gold Scale without the Improved is found; see Millet, Mining Artifact Collector #8, pp 25-27) slides/Miners Improved Gold Scale II Closed.jpg slides/Miners Improved Gold Scale II Open.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 MINERS' IMPROVED GOLD SCALE II - Tin cased miners gold scale, black exterior and orange interior color, marked MINERS’ IMPROVED GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSLY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center clutching an olive branch and three arrows in its talons and bearing a shield across its breast, 6 3/8 in. wide x 2 7/8 in. deep x 1 5/16 in. high in oval shape, brass beam, pans and chains with 4 uncommon dollar knobbed weights ($5,$3,$1,$1) and 1,2,4,5 grain weights, exterior painted surface with extensive wear but readable markings (The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and perhaps into the 1860s and came in a variety of bright colors including light and dark green, royal blue, dark yellow, ocher brown, red, and maroon among others and in both oval and rectangular shapes in sizes from up to 7 in. long by up to 3 1/2 in. wide and 1 1/2 in. deep; the more common exterior colors were red, brown and dark green while dark blue, yellow and black are rarer; most were marked Miners’ Improved Gold Scale as the model shown here; little is known about the makers, although some are thought to be German; all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains although some have iron pointers as the scale shown here; troy weights were typically included although this set has an interesting set of dollar weights. The dollar weights were used to convert the weight of gold being measured into a straightforward dollar value. The official value of gold was set by the US at $20.67 per troy ounce from 1837 till 1933. The Gold Reserve Act of 1934 increased the official value of gold to $35 per troy ounce. The dollar weights are the proper weight in troy ounces that would correspond to the dollar value pegged at the official gold price of $20.67 per troy ounce. For example, the $5 weight is roughly 1/4 troy ounce and so forth for the $3 and $1. It should be noted that an earlier pocket scale marked Miners Gold Scale without the Improved is found; see Millet, Mining Artifact Collector #8, pp 25-27) MINERS' IMPROVED GOLD SCALE II - Tin cased miners gold scale, black exterior and orange interior color, marked MINERS’ IMPROVED GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSLY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center clutching an olive branch and three arrows in its talons and bearing a shield across its breast, 6 3/8 in. wide x 2 7/8 in. deep x 1 5/16 in. high in oval shape, brass beam, pans and chains with 4 uncommon dollar knobbed weights ($5,$3,$1,$1) and 1,2,4,5 grain weights, exterior painted surface with extensive wear but readable markings (The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and perhaps into the 1860s and came in a variety of bright colors including light and dark green, royal blue, dark yellow, ocher brown, red, and maroon among others and in both oval and rectangular shapes in sizes from up to 7 in. long by up to 3 1/2 in. wide and 1 1/2 in. deep; the more common exterior colors were red, brown and dark green while dark blue, yellow and black are rarer; most were marked Miners’ Improved Gold Scale as the model shown here; little is known about the makers, although some are thought to be German; all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains although some have iron pointers as the scale shown here; troy weights were typically included although this set has an interesting set of dollar weights. The dollar weights were used to convert the weight of gold being measured into a straightforward dollar value. The official value of gold was set by the US at $20.67 per troy ounce from 1837 till 1933. The Gold Reserve Act of 1934 increased the official value of gold to $35 per troy ounce. The dollar weights are the proper weight in troy ounces that would correspond to the dollar value pegged at the official gold price of $20.67 per troy ounce. For example, the $5 weight is roughly 1/4 troy ounce and so forth for the $3 and $1. It should be noted that an earlier pocket scale marked Miners Gold Scale without the Improved is found; see Millet, Mining Artifact Collector #8, pp 25-27) slides/Miners Improved Gold Scale II Open.jpg slides/Miners Improved Gold Scale II Open Weights.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 MINERS' IMPROVED GOLD SCALE II - Tin cased miners gold scale, black exterior and orange interior color, marked MINERS’ IMPROVED GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSLY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center clutching an olive branch and three arrows in its talons and bearing a shield across its breast, 6 3/8 in. wide x 2 7/8 in. deep x 1 5/16 in. high in oval shape, brass beam, pans and chains with 4 uncommon dollar knobbed weights ($5,$3,$1,$1) and 1,2,4,5 grain weights, exterior painted surface with extensive wear but readable markings (The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and perhaps into the 1860s and came in a variety of bright colors including light and dark green, royal blue, dark yellow, ocher brown, red, and maroon among others and in both oval and rectangular shapes in sizes from up to 7 in. long by up to 3 1/2 in. wide and 1 1/2 in. deep; the more common exterior colors were red, brown and dark green while dark blue, yellow and black are rarer; most were marked Miners’ Improved Gold Scale as the model shown here; little is known about the makers, although some are thought to be German; all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains although some have iron pointers as the scale shown here; troy weights were typically included although this set has an interesting set of dollar weights. The dollar weights were used to convert the weight of gold being measured into a straightforward dollar value. The official value of gold was set by the US at $20.67 per troy ounce from 1837 till 1933. The Gold Reserve Act of 1934 increased the official value of gold to $35 per troy ounce. The dollar weights are the proper weight in troy ounces that would correspond to the dollar value pegged at the official gold price of $20.67 per troy ounce. For example, the $5 weight is roughly 1/4 troy ounce and so forth for the $3 and $1. It should be noted that an earlier pocket scale marked Miners Gold Scale without the Improved is found; see Millet, Mining Artifact Collector #8, pp 25-27) MINERS' IMPROVED GOLD SCALE II - Tin cased miners gold scale, black exterior and orange interior color, marked MINERS’ IMPROVED GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSLY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center clutching an olive branch and three arrows in its talons and bearing a shield across its breast, 6 3/8 in. wide x 2 7/8 in. deep x 1 5/16 in. high in oval shape, brass beam, pans and chains with 4 uncommon dollar knobbed weights ($5,$3,$1,$1) and 1,2,4,5 grain weights, exterior painted surface with extensive wear but readable markings (The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and perhaps into the 1860s and came in a variety of bright colors including light and dark green, royal blue, dark yellow, ocher brown, red, and maroon among others and in both oval and rectangular shapes in sizes from up to 7 in. long by up to 3 1/2 in. wide and 1 1/2 in. deep; the more common exterior colors were red, brown and dark green while dark blue, yellow and black are rarer; most were marked Miners’ Improved Gold Scale as the model shown here; little is known about the makers, although some are thought to be German; all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains although some have iron pointers as the scale shown here; troy weights were typically included although this set has an interesting set of dollar weights. The dollar weights were used to convert the weight of gold being measured into a straightforward dollar value. The official value of gold was set by the US at $20.67 per troy ounce from 1837 till 1933. The Gold Reserve Act of 1934 increased the official value of gold to $35 per troy ounce. The dollar weights are the proper weight in troy ounces that would correspond to the dollar value pegged at the official gold price of $20.67 per troy ounce. For example, the $5 weight is roughly 1/4 troy ounce and so forth for the $3 and $1. It should be noted that an earlier pocket scale marked Miners Gold Scale without the Improved is found; see Millet, Mining Artifact Collector #8, pp 25-27) slides/Miners Improved Gold Scale II Open Weights.jpg slides/Miners Improved Gold Scale II.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 MINERS' IMPROVED GOLD SCALE II - Tin cased miners gold scale, black exterior and orange interior color, marked MINERS’ IMPROVED GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSLY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center clutching an olive branch and three arrows in its talons and bearing a shield across its breast, 6 3/8 in. wide x 2 7/8 in. deep x 1 5/16 in. high in oval shape, brass beam, pans and chains with 4 uncommon dollar knobbed weights ($5,$3,$1,$1) and 1,2,4,5 grain weights, exterior painted surface with extensive wear but readable markings (The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and perhaps into the 1860s and came in a variety of bright colors including light and dark green, royal blue, dark yellow, ocher brown, red, and maroon among others and in both oval and rectangular shapes in sizes from up to 7 in. long by up to 3 1/2 in. wide and 1 1/2 in. deep; the more common exterior colors were red, brown and dark green while dark blue, yellow and black are rarer; most were marked Miners’ Improved Gold Scale as the model shown here; little is known about the makers, although some are thought to be German; all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains although some have iron pointers as the scale shown here; troy weights were typically included although this set has an interesting set of dollar weights. The dollar weights were used to convert the weight of gold being measured into a straightforward dollar value. The official value of gold was set by the US at $20.67 per troy ounce from 1837 till 1933. The Gold Reserve Act of 1934 increased the official value of gold to $35 per troy ounce. The dollar weights are the proper weight in troy ounces that would correspond to the dollar value pegged at the official gold price of $20.67 per troy ounce. For example, the $5 weight is roughly 1/4 troy ounce and so forth for the $3 and $1. It should be noted that an earlier pocket scale marked Miners Gold Scale without the Improved is found; see Millet, Mining Artifact Collector #8, pp 25-27) MINERS' IMPROVED GOLD SCALE II - Tin cased miners gold scale, black exterior and orange interior color, marked MINERS’ IMPROVED GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSLY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center clutching an olive branch and three arrows in its talons and bearing a shield across its breast, 6 3/8 in. wide x 2 7/8 in. deep x 1 5/16 in. high in oval shape, brass beam, pans and chains with 4 uncommon dollar knobbed weights ($5,$3,$1,$1) and 1,2,4,5 grain weights, exterior painted surface with extensive wear but readable markings (The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and perhaps into the 1860s and came in a variety of bright colors including light and dark green, royal blue, dark yellow, ocher brown, red, and maroon among others and in both oval and rectangular shapes in sizes from up to 7 in. long by up to 3 1/2 in. wide and 1 1/2 in. deep; the more common exterior colors were red, brown and dark green while dark blue, yellow and black are rarer; most were marked Miners’ Improved Gold Scale as the model shown here; little is known about the makers, although some are thought to be German; all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains although some have iron pointers as the scale shown here; troy weights were typically included although this set has an interesting set of dollar weights. The dollar weights were used to convert the weight of gold being measured into a straightforward dollar value. The official value of gold was set by the US at $20.67 per troy ounce from 1837 till 1933. The Gold Reserve Act of 1934 increased the official value of gold to $35 per troy ounce. The dollar weights are the proper weight in troy ounces that would correspond to the dollar value pegged at the official gold price of $20.67 per troy ounce. For example, the $5 weight is roughly 1/4 troy ounce and so forth for the $3 and $1. It should be noted that an earlier pocket scale marked Miners Gold Scale without the Improved is found; see Millet, Mining Artifact Collector #8, pp 25-27) slides/Miners Improved Gold Scale II.jpg slides/Miners Improved Gold Scale II Brass Beam.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 MINERS' IMPROVED GOLD SCALE II - Tin cased miners gold scale, black exterior and orange interior color, marked MINERS’ IMPROVED GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSLY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center clutching an olive branch and three arrows in its talons and bearing a shield across its breast, 6 3/8 in. wide x 2 7/8 in. deep x 1 5/16 in. high in oval shape, brass beam, pans and chains with 4 uncommon dollar knobbed weights ($5,$3,$1,$1) and 1,2,4,5 grain weights, exterior painted surface with extensive wear but readable markings (The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and perhaps into the 1860s and came in a variety of bright colors including light and dark green, royal blue, dark yellow, ocher brown, red, and maroon among others and in both oval and rectangular shapes in sizes from up to 7 in. long by up to 3 1/2 in. wide and 1 1/2 in. deep; the more common exterior colors were red, brown and dark green while dark blue, yellow and black are rarer; most were marked Miners’ Improved Gold Scale as the model shown here; little is known about the makers, although some are thought to be German; all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains although some have iron pointers as the scale shown here; troy weights were typically included although this set has an interesting set of dollar weights. The dollar weights were used to convert the weight of gold being measured into a straightforward dollar value. The official value of gold was set by the US at $20.67 per troy ounce from 1837 till 1933. The Gold Reserve Act of 1934 increased the official value of gold to $35 per troy ounce. The dollar weights are the proper weight in troy ounces that would correspond to the dollar value pegged at the official gold price of $20.67 per troy ounce. For example, the $5 weight is roughly 1/4 troy ounce and so forth for the $3 and $1. It should be noted that an earlier pocket scale marked Miners Gold Scale without the Improved is found; see Millet, Mining Artifact Collector #8, pp 25-27) MINERS' IMPROVED GOLD SCALE II - Tin cased miners gold scale, black exterior and orange interior color, marked MINERS’ IMPROVED GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSLY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center clutching an olive branch and three arrows in its talons and bearing a shield across its breast, 6 3/8 in. wide x 2 7/8 in. deep x 1 5/16 in. high in oval shape, brass beam, pans and chains with 4 uncommon dollar knobbed weights ($5,$3,$1,$1) and 1,2,4,5 grain weights, exterior painted surface with extensive wear but readable markings (The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and perhaps into the 1860s and came in a variety of bright colors including light and dark green, royal blue, dark yellow, ocher brown, red, and maroon among others and in both oval and rectangular shapes in sizes from up to 7 in. long by up to 3 1/2 in. wide and 1 1/2 in. deep; the more common exterior colors were red, brown and dark green while dark blue, yellow and black are rarer; most were marked Miners’ Improved Gold Scale as the model shown here; little is known about the makers, although some are thought to be German; all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains although some have iron pointers as the scale shown here; troy weights were typically included although this set has an interesting set of dollar weights. The dollar weights were used to convert the weight of gold being measured into a straightforward dollar value. The official value of gold was set by the US at $20.67 per troy ounce from 1837 till 1933. The Gold Reserve Act of 1934 increased the official value of gold to $35 per troy ounce. The dollar weights are the proper weight in troy ounces that would correspond to the dollar value pegged at the official gold price of $20.67 per troy ounce. For example, the $5 weight is roughly 1/4 troy ounce and so forth for the $3 and $1. It should be noted that an earlier pocket scale marked Miners Gold Scale without the Improved is found; see Millet, Mining Artifact Collector #8, pp 25-27) slides/Miners Improved Gold Scale II Brass Beam.jpg slides/Miners Improved Gold Scale II Dollar Weights.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 MINERS' IMPROVED GOLD SCALE II - Tin cased miners gold scale, black exterior and orange interior color, marked MINERS’ IMPROVED GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSLY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center clutching an olive branch and three arrows in its talons and bearing a shield across its breast, 6 3/8 in. wide x 2 7/8 in. deep x 1 5/16 in. high in oval shape, brass beam, pans and chains with 4 uncommon dollar knobbed weights ($5,$3,$1,$1) and 1,2,4,5 grain weights, exterior painted surface with extensive wear but readable markings (The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and perhaps into the 1860s and came in a variety of bright colors including light and dark green, royal blue, dark yellow, ocher brown, red, and maroon among others and in both oval and rectangular shapes in sizes from up to 7 in. long by up to 3 1/2 in. wide and 1 1/2 in. deep; the more common exterior colors were red, brown and dark green while dark blue, yellow and black are rarer; most were marked Miners’ Improved Gold Scale as the model shown here; little is known about the makers, although some are thought to be German; all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains although some have iron pointers as the scale shown here; troy weights were typically included although this set has an interesting set of dollar weights. The dollar weights were used to convert the weight of gold being measured into a straightforward dollar value. The official value of gold was set by the US at $20.67 per troy ounce from 1837 till 1933. The Gold Reserve Act of 1934 increased the official value of gold to $35 per troy ounce. The dollar weights are the proper weight in troy ounces that would correspond to the dollar value pegged at the official gold price of $20.67 per troy ounce. For example, the $5 weight is roughly 1/4 troy ounce and so forth for the $3 and $1. It should be noted that an earlier pocket scale marked Miners Gold Scale without the Improved is found; see Millet, Mining Artifact Collector #8, pp 25-27) MINERS' IMPROVED GOLD SCALE II - Tin cased miners gold scale, black exterior and orange interior color, marked MINERS’ IMPROVED GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSLY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center clutching an olive branch and three arrows in its talons and bearing a shield across its breast, 6 3/8 in. wide x 2 7/8 in. deep x 1 5/16 in. high in oval shape, brass beam, pans and chains with 4 uncommon dollar knobbed weights ($5,$3,$1,$1) and 1,2,4,5 grain weights, exterior painted surface with extensive wear but readable markings (The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and perhaps into the 1860s and came in a variety of bright colors including light and dark green, royal blue, dark yellow, ocher brown, red, and maroon among others and in both oval and rectangular shapes in sizes from up to 7 in. long by up to 3 1/2 in. wide and 1 1/2 in. deep; the more common exterior colors were red, brown and dark green while dark blue, yellow and black are rarer; most were marked Miners’ Improved Gold Scale as the model shown here; little is known about the makers, although some are thought to be German; all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains although some have iron pointers as the scale shown here; troy weights were typically included although this set has an interesting set of dollar weights. The dollar weights were used to convert the weight of gold being measured into a straightforward dollar value. The official value of gold was set by the US at $20.67 per troy ounce from 1837 till 1933. The Gold Reserve Act of 1934 increased the official value of gold to $35 per troy ounce. The dollar weights are the proper weight in troy ounces that would correspond to the dollar value pegged at the official gold price of $20.67 per troy ounce. For example, the $5 weight is roughly 1/4 troy ounce and so forth for the $3 and $1. It should be noted that an earlier pocket scale marked Miners Gold Scale without the Improved is found; see Millet, Mining Artifact Collector #8, pp 25-27) slides/Miners Improved Gold Scale II Dollar Weights.jpg slides/Miners Gold Scale Closed.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 MINERS GOLD SCALE - Rare 1850s tin cased miners gold scale, black exterior and orange interior color, marked MINERS GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSELY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center bearing a shield across its breast, 6 1/4 in. wide x 3 in. deep x 1 in. high in oval shape, brass beam, pans and chains, 3 nesting weights including 2, 1, 1/2 troy ounce ((The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and predate other miners' gold scales marked with "Improved" on the lid (shown elsewhere in my pics). Probably of German origin, these scales came in a variety of colors and all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains. Just what was improved between scales marked with and without "Improved" on the lid remains a mystery. Perhaps it had to do with the spelling of the term "expressely" on these scales. I doubt the person who marked these scales did well in the school spelling bee.) MINERS GOLD SCALE - Rare 1850s tin cased miners gold scale, black exterior and orange interior color, marked MINERS GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSELY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center bearing a shield across its breast, 6 1/4 in. wide x 3 in. deep x 1 in. high in oval shape, brass beam, pans and chains, 3 nesting weights including 2, 1, 1/2 troy ounce ((The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and predate other miners' gold scales marked with "Improved" on the lid (shown elsewhere in my pics). Probably of German origin, these scales came in a variety of colors and all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains. Just what was improved between scales marked with and without "Improved" on the lid remains a mystery. Perhaps it had to do with the spelling of the term "expressely" on these scales. I doubt the person who marked these scales did well in the school spelling bee.) slides/Miners Gold Scale Closed.jpg slides/Miners Gold Scale Open.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 MINERS GOLD SCALE - Rare 1850s tin cased miners gold scale, black exterior and orange interior color, marked MINERS GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSELY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center bearing a shield across its breast, 6 1/4 in. wide x 3 in. deep x 1 in. high in oval shape, brass beam, pans and chains, 3 nesting weights including 2, 1, 1/2 troy ounce ((The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and predate other miners' gold scales marked with "Improved" on the lid (shown elsewhere in my pics). Probably of German origin, these scales came in a variety of colors and all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains. Just what was improved between scales marked with and without "Improved" on the lid remains a mystery. Perhaps it had to do with the spelling of the term "expressely" on these scales. I doubt the person who marked these scales did well in the school spelling bee.) MINERS GOLD SCALE - Rare 1850s tin cased miners gold scale, black exterior and orange interior color, marked MINERS GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSELY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center bearing a shield across its breast, 6 1/4 in. wide x 3 in. deep x 1 in. high in oval shape, brass beam, pans and chains, 3 nesting weights including 2, 1, 1/2 troy ounce ((The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and predate other miners' gold scales marked with "Improved" on the lid (shown elsewhere in my pics). Probably of German origin, these scales came in a variety of colors and all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains. Just what was improved between scales marked with and without "Improved" on the lid remains a mystery. Perhaps it had to do with the spelling of the term "expressely" on these scales. I doubt the person who marked these scales did well in the school spelling bee.) slides/Miners Gold Scale Open.jpg slides/Miners Gold Scale Contents.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 MINERS GOLD SCALE - Rare 1850s tin cased miners gold scale, black exterior and orange interior color, marked MINERS GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSELY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center bearing a shield across its breast, 6 1/4 in. wide x 3 in. deep x 1 in. high in oval shape, brass beam, pans and chains, 3 nesting weights including 2, 1, 1/2 troy ounce ((The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and predate other miners' gold scales marked with "Improved" on the lid (shown elsewhere in my pics). Probably of German origin, these scales came in a variety of colors and all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains. Just what was improved between scales marked with and without "Improved" on the lid remains a mystery. Perhaps it had to do with the spelling of the term "expressely" on these scales. I doubt the person who marked these scales did well in the school spelling bee.) MINERS GOLD SCALE - Rare 1850s tin cased miners gold scale, black exterior and orange interior color, marked MINERS GOLD SCALE in gold letters across top front and in gold letters MANUFACTURED EXPRESSELY FOR CALIFORNIA across bottom front with a classic spread-wing gold American eagle in the center bearing a shield across its breast, 6 1/4 in. wide x 3 in. deep x 1 in. high in oval shape, brass beam, pans and chains, 3 nesting weights including 2, 1, 1/2 troy ounce ((The California Gold Rush produced a number of “California Goods” to identify and to be identified with this great adventure; boots, knives, brandy, and gold amalgamators filled the bill to name a few along with the miners pocket gold scales shown here; these pocket scales date from the 1850s and predate other miners' gold scales marked with "Improved" on the lid (shown elsewhere in my pics). Probably of German origin, these scales came in a variety of colors and all have brass beams, pans and suspension chains. Just what was improved between scales marked with and without "Improved" on the lid remains a mystery. Perhaps it had to do with the spelling of the term "expressely" on these scales. I doubt the person who marked these scales did well in the school spelling bee.) slides/Miners Gold Scale Contents.jpg slides/Miniature Lisk Miner's Lunch Pail.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 MINIATURE LISK MINER’S LUNCH PAIL – Complete miniature salesman sample miner’s lunch pail, marked LISK on both side, nickel plated copper ware in five pieces – bottom with handle, lower tray, upper tray, top cover, and cup; oval base is 3 1/4 in. x 2 1/8 in. wide, 3 in. high to top of 1-in. dia. cup (George W. Lisk first came to Clifton Springs, NY in the year 1882 and by 1886 had founded the firm of Lisk Manufacturing Co. This began as a two-man operation and within a year there were 100 employed. Orders came in so fast for his anti-rust tinware and unique, greaseless cake tins, that more than local capital was needed. This backing came from businessmen from Canandaigua, NY, who moved the firm into new quarters in that city and incorporated the Lisk Manufacturing Company in 1889. Lisk manufactured high-end enamel ware, galvanized anti-rust tinware and nickel plated copper ware. In 1903, they were the largest employer in Canandaigua employing 550 people. George Lisk stayed with the company only for a short time moving on to new opportunities. However the company remained in business, merging in the late 1930s to form the Lisk-Savory Company.) MINIATURE LISK MINER’S LUNCH PAIL – Complete miniature salesman sample miner’s lunch pail, marked LISK on both side, nickel plated copper ware in five pieces – bottom with handle, lower tray, upper tray, top cover, and cup; oval base is 3 1/4 in. x 2 1/8 in. wide, 3 in. high to top of 1-in. dia. cup (George W. Lisk first came to Clifton Springs, NY in the year 1882 and by 1886 had founded the firm of Lisk Manufacturing Co. This began as a two-man operation and within a year there were 100 employed. Orders came in so fast for his anti-rust tinware and unique, greaseless cake tins, that more than local capital was needed. This backing came from businessmen from Canandaigua, NY, who moved the firm into new quarters in that city and incorporated the Lisk Manufacturing Company in 1889. Lisk manufactured high-end enamel ware, galvanized anti-rust tinware and nickel plated copper ware. In 1903, they were the largest employer in Canandaigua employing 550 people. George Lisk stayed with the company only for a short time moving on to new opportunities. However the company remained in business, merging in the late 1930s to form the Lisk-Savory Company.) slides/Miniature Lisk Miner's Lunch Pail.jpg slides/Miniature Lisk Miner's Lunch Pail with 5 Pieces.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 MINIATURE LISK MINER’S LUNCH PAIL – Complete miniature salesman sample miner’s lunch pail, marked LISK on both side, nickel plated copper ware in five pieces – bottom with handle, lower tray, upper tray, top cover, and cup; oval base is 3 1/4 in. x 2 1/8 in. wide, 3 in. high to top of 1-in. dia. cup (George W. Lisk first came to Clifton Springs, NY in the year 1882 and by 1886 had founded the firm of Lisk Manufacturing Co. This began as a two-man operation and within a year there were 100 employed. Orders came in so fast for his anti-rust tinware and unique, greaseless cake tins, that more than local capital was needed. This backing came from businessmen from Canandaigua, NY, who moved the firm into new quarters in that city and incorporated the Lisk Manufacturing Company in 1889. Lisk manufactured high-end enamel ware, galvanized anti-rust tinware and nickel plated copper ware. In 1903, they were the largest employer in Canandaigua employing 550 people. George Lisk stayed with the company only for a short time moving on to new opportunities. However the company remained in business, merging in the late 1930s to form the Lisk-Savory Company.) MINIATURE LISK MINER’S LUNCH PAIL – Complete miniature salesman sample miner’s lunch pail, marked LISK on both side, nickel plated copper ware in five pieces – bottom with handle, lower tray, upper tray, top cover, and cup; oval base is 3 1/4 in. x 2 1/8 in. wide, 3 in. high to top of 1-in. dia. cup (George W. Lisk first came to Clifton Springs, NY in the year 1882 and by 1886 had founded the firm of Lisk Manufacturing Co. This began as a two-man operation and within a year there were 100 employed. Orders came in so fast for his anti-rust tinware and unique, greaseless cake tins, that more than local capital was needed. This backing came from businessmen from Canandaigua, NY, who moved the firm into new quarters in that city and incorporated the Lisk Manufacturing Company in 1889. Lisk manufactured high-end enamel ware, galvanized anti-rust tinware and nickel plated copper ware. In 1903, they were the largest employer in Canandaigua employing 550 people. George Lisk stayed with the company only for a short time moving on to new opportunities. However the company remained in business, merging in the late 1930s to form the Lisk-Savory Company.) slides/Miniature Lisk Miner's Lunch Pail with 5 Pieces.jpg slides/Mining Dip Needle Compass.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 MINING DIP NEEDLE COMPASS - Brass and glass mining dip needle, 3 1/4 in. dia., 4 in. dia. handle with brass chain and ferrous needle stop, marked SHORT & MASON LONDON with M over S mark and TYCOS, includes original "Descriptive Leaflet No. 11" for "The Mining Dip Needle" from Short & Mason (Thomas Short and James Mason became partners and started their precision instrument business in London in 1875. In the early 1900s, Short & Mason was acquired by the Taylor Brothers Company originally formed in 1853 in Rochester, NY as an early manufacturer of high quality thermometers. It was at this time the brothers renamed their company to Taylor Instrument Companies, which spawned the Tycos trademark derived from T and Y of Taylor and C, O and S of Companies. The newly named company developed one of the first hand aneroid sphygmomanometers. Sometime before 1920, the company added the Tycos name to their scientific instruments as marked on this dip needle. The mining dip needle is used to locate the presence of iron ore. Simply, the dip needle should be suspended vertically by the handle in the magnetic meridian or north south line as close to the ground as possible. If iron is present, the magnetised needle will dip toward the deposit away from the normal magnetic declination at that site.) MINING DIP NEEDLE COMPASS - Brass and glass mining dip needle, 3 1/4 in. dia., 4 in. dia. handle with brass chain and ferrous needle stop, marked SHORT & MASON LONDON with M over S mark and TYCOS, includes original "Descriptive Leaflet No. 11" for "The Mining Dip Needle" from Short & Mason (Thomas Short and James Mason became partners and started their precision instrument business in London in 1875. In the early 1900s, Short & Mason was acquired by the Taylor Brothers Company originally formed in 1853 in Rochester, NY as an early manufacturer of high quality thermometers. It was at this time the brothers renamed their company to Taylor Instrument Companies, which spawned the Tycos trademark derived from T and Y of Taylor and C, O and S of Companies. The newly named company developed one of the first hand aneroid sphygmomanometers. Sometime before 1920, the company added the Tycos name to their scientific instruments as marked on this dip needle. The mining dip needle is used to locate the presence of iron ore. Simply, the dip needle should be suspended vertically by the handle in the magnetic meridian or north south line as close to the ground as possible. If iron is present, the magnetised needle will dip toward the deposit away from the normal magnetic declination at that site.) slides/Mining Dip Needle Compass.JPG slides/Nitro Carrier Closed.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 NITRO CARRIER - Wooden nitro carrier with metal handle and fittings, 25 in. long x 5 in. wide, marked MATTSON’S on top, acquired from David Lewis (neither Dave nor I are really sure this is a nitro carrier but that is how it was described; can anyone confirm what it is?) NITRO CARRIER - Wooden nitro carrier with metal handle and fittings, 25 in. long x 5 in. wide, marked MATTSON’S on top, acquired from David Lewis (neither Dave nor I are really sure this is a nitro carrier but that is how it was described; can anyone confirm what it is?) slides/Nitro Carrier Closed.JPG slides/Nitro Carrier Open.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 NITRO CARRIER - Wooden nitro carrier with metal handle and fittings, 25 in. long x 5 in. wide, marked MATTSON’S on top, acquired from David Lewis (neither Dave nor I are really sure this is a nitro carrier but that is how it was described; can anyone confirm what it is?) NITRO CARRIER - Wooden nitro carrier with metal handle and fittings, 25 in. long x 5 in. wide, marked MATTSON’S on top, acquired from David Lewis (neither Dave nor I are really sure this is a nitro carrier but that is how it was described; can anyone confirm what it is?) slides/Nitro Carrier Open.JPG slides/Park Sherman Match Safe.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 PARK SHERMAN MATCH CASE - Nickel plated brass match case, 2 5/8 in. long, marked on bottom EVERDRY PARK SHERMAN CO SPRINGFIELD ILL (The Universal Lamp Company was organized in 1913 by Jacob S. Sherman to produce his Auto-Lite carbide lamps. Sherman's first lamp patent was filed in 1914 and awarded as #1,167,942 on Jan. 11, 1916 that would identify the pronounced crown top and concave, urn-shaped design of all Auto-Lite lamp tops for the length of manufacture. By 1918, Sherman had moved the company from Staunton, IL to Chicago. The company continued to expand its product line and in 1933, it purchased the Shanklin Manufacturing Co. and its Springfield, IL plant. An integration of the Auto-Lite and Guy's Dropper lamp design features soon followed. Jacob S. Sherman was also the founder of the Park Sherman Company in Springfield, IL. The company sold miner's supplies (miner's cap lamps, match cases as shown here, etc.) and later specialized in things like coin banks and smoking accessories (lighters, cigarette cases, etc). The relationship between Universal Lamp Company and Park Sherman is not altogether clear, but Sherman founded both and operated both. Universal continued to manufacture carbide lamps at the Springfield plant until 1960 when the carbide lamp products were discontinued. Likewise, the Park Sherman Company operated out of Springfield until 1960 when it was sold to a New Jersey company.) PARK SHERMAN MATCH CASE - Nickel plated brass match case, 2 5/8 in. long, marked on bottom EVERDRY PARK SHERMAN CO SPRINGFIELD ILL (The Universal Lamp Company was organized in 1913 by Jacob S. Sherman to produce his Auto-Lite carbide lamps. Sherman's first lamp patent was filed in 1914 and awarded as #1,167,942 on Jan. 11, 1916 that would identify the pronounced crown top and concave, urn-shaped design of all Auto-Lite lamp tops for the length of manufacture. By 1918, Sherman had moved the company from Staunton, IL to Chicago. The company continued to expand its product line and in 1933, it purchased the Shanklin Manufacturing Co. and its Springfield, IL plant. An integration of the Auto-Lite and Guy's Dropper lamp design features soon followed. Jacob S. Sherman was also the founder of the Park Sherman Company in Springfield, IL. The company sold miner's supplies (miner's cap lamps, match cases as shown here, etc.) and later specialized in things like coin banks and smoking accessories (lighters, cigarette cases, etc). The relationship between Universal Lamp Company and Park Sherman is not altogether clear, but Sherman founded both and operated both. Universal continued to manufacture carbide lamps at the Springfield plant until 1960 when the carbide lamp products were discontinued. Likewise, the Park Sherman Company operated out of Springfield until 1960 when it was sold to a New Jersey company.) slides/Park Sherman Match Safe.JPG slides/Park Sherman Marking.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 PARK SHERMAN MATCH CASE - Nickel plated brass match case, 2 5/8 in. long, marked on bottom EVERDRY PARK SHERMAN CO SPRINGFIELD ILL (The Universal Lamp Company was organized in 1913 by Jacob S. Sherman to produce his Auto-Lite carbide lamps. Sherman's first lamp patent was filed in 1914 and awarded as #1,167,942 on Jan. 11, 1916 that would identify the pronounced crown top and concave, urn-shaped design of all Auto-Lite lamp tops for the length of manufacture. By 1918, Sherman had moved the company from Staunton, IL to Chicago. The company continued to expand its product line and in 1933, it purchased the Shanklin Manufacturing Co. and its Springfield, IL plant. An integration of the Auto-Lite and Guy's Dropper lamp design features soon followed. Jacob S. Sherman was also the founder of the Park Sherman Company in Springfield, IL. The company sold miner's supplies (miner's cap lamps, match cases as shown here, etc.) and later specialized in things like coin banks and smoking accessories (lighters, cigarette cases, etc). The relationship between Universal Lamp Company and Park Sherman is not altogether clear, but Sherman founded both and operated both. Universal continued to manufacture carbide lamps at the Springfield plant until 1960 when the carbide lamp products were discontinued. Likewise, the Park Sherman Company operated out of Springfield until 1960 when it was sold to a New Jersey company.) PARK SHERMAN MATCH CASE - Nickel plated brass match case, 2 5/8 in. long, marked on bottom EVERDRY PARK SHERMAN CO SPRINGFIELD ILL (The Universal Lamp Company was organized in 1913 by Jacob S. Sherman to produce his Auto-Lite carbide lamps. Sherman's first lamp patent was filed in 1914 and awarded as #1,167,942 on Jan. 11, 1916 that would identify the pronounced crown top and concave, urn-shaped design of all Auto-Lite lamp tops for the length of manufacture. By 1918, Sherman had moved the company from Staunton, IL to Chicago. The company continued to expand its product line and in 1933, it purchased the Shanklin Manufacturing Co. and its Springfield, IL plant. An integration of the Auto-Lite and Guy's Dropper lamp design features soon followed. Jacob S. Sherman was also the founder of the Park Sherman Company in Springfield, IL. The company sold miner's supplies (miner's cap lamps, match cases as shown here, etc.) and later specialized in things like coin banks and smoking accessories (lighters, cigarette cases, etc). The relationship between Universal Lamp Company and Park Sherman is not altogether clear, but Sherman founded both and operated both. Universal continued to manufacture carbide lamps at the Springfield plant until 1960 when the carbide lamp products were discontinued. Likewise, the Park Sherman Company operated out of Springfield until 1960 when it was sold to a New Jersey company.) slides/Park Sherman Marking.JPG slides/Pewabic Ingot Top.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 PEWABIC COPPER INGOT - Copper ingot from Michigan's Upper Peninsula; ingot weighs approximately 12 pounds, 9 1/2 L x 3 W x 2 1/2 H in.; stamped with the PW designation for Pewabic, LTS for the Lake Superior Transit Company, and MC for Mining Company. (The Pewabic Mine is an underground copper mine located north of Hancock, MI, and just north of the Quincy Mine on Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. In 1853 the Pewabic Mining Company was formed by eastern capitalists who controlled a tract of ground on the north end of the Quincy property. For the first two years, work concentrated on opening prehistoric mining pits that traced an apparent amygdaloid bed that was subsequently named the Pewabic lode. The first, and only, shaft Pewabic drove was driven on an incline following this bed. The shaft was located approximately 1,900 ft. north of the Quincy #2 shaft. The mineralization on the Pewabic lode at the Pewabic Mine was not as rich as it was on Quincy's property. However, the company did manage to pay dividends amounting to $1 million. The Pewabic Mining Company, when originally organized, had a thirty-year charter from the state of Michigan. Company officials allowed the charter to lapse in 1883, and in 1884 the mine ceased operations. In 1891, Quincy Mining Co. purchased the property for $710,000 and renamed the shaft Quincy #6, which became famous for its fabulous shafthouse. This was the start of expansion and consolidation for the Quincy Mining Company that would eventually lead to control of the entire Pewabic lode. A total of approximately 27 million lbs. of refined copper was produced between 1855 and 1884 by the Pewabic Mining Co. Part of that copper production was aboard the Civil War-era steamer Pewabic carrying a valuable cargo of copper from Michigan’s Keweenaw Peninsula mines on August 9, 1865. The name Pewabic for the mining company, lode and steamer is an Ojibway Indian word meaning “copper or iron-bearing mineralized formation.” Her cargo consisted of copper ingots from four mines (Quincy Mining Co., Hancock Mine, Pewabic Mining Co., and the Franklin Mine), a quantity of barrel copper (chiseled from a large mass of native copper), and several large pieces of mass copper weighing up to 16,000 pounds each all intended for the eastern factories producing sheathing for ship bottoms, boiler plates for locomotives, spikes, tubing, wiring, coins and even buttons among other things. The total copper cargo approached 270 tons. In addition she was also carrying 179 tons of specular hematite (iron ore) from the Marquette area. At sunset on Aug. 9, 1865, Pewabic collided almost bows-on with her sister ship, Meteor, and sank quickly in 180 feet of water. With the loss of 125 lives, the sinking is counted among the 10 worst ship disasters in Great Lakes history. The accident occurred about six miles off Thunder Bay Island lighthouse in Lake Huron. Pewabic was southbound from Sault Sainte Marie on her way to Detroit. Meteor was northbound. The vessels were merely 20 feet apart when Pewabic veered suddenly. Meteor's bow cut deeply into Pewabic's port side, just aft of the wheelhouse. Built in 1863 by Peck & Masters at Cleveland, Pewabic was powered by twin steam engines that turned 8-foot wooden propellers. The 200-foot vessel had a beam of 31 feet. Her oak hull was 2 feet thick and was strengthened by a wooden arch running down the centerline. Wooden propeller ships, introduced on the Great Lakes in 1841, became popular for carrying bulk cargo. By 1850, there were more than 50 of them. Pewabic and Meteor were constructed for the Pioneer line of the Lake Superior Transit Co., operated by John T. Whiting. Salvage operations for the valuable cargo took place on and off for over 100 years. Currents were extremely treacherous in the crash site area and prior to 1900, at least 10 divers died on the wreck. Nevertheless, most of the copper was eventually recovered and shipped to the eastern factories. The ingot shown here is one of the rare few that was salvaged but saved through recovery efforts in 1974 by the Busch Oceanographic Equipment Co. It remains an historic piece of copper mining history from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.) PEWABIC COPPER INGOT - Copper ingot from Michigan's Upper Peninsula; ingot weighs approximately 12 pounds, 9 1/2 L x 3 W x 2 1/2 H in.; stamped with the PW designation for Pewabic, LTS for the Lake Superior Transit Company, and MC for Mining Company. (The Pewabic Mine is an underground copper mine located north of Hancock, MI, and just north of the Quincy Mine on Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. In 1853 the Pewabic Mining Company was formed by eastern capitalists who controlled a tract of ground on the north end of the Quincy property. For the first two years, work concentrated on opening prehistoric mining pits that traced an apparent amygdaloid bed that was subsequently named the Pewabic lode. The first, and only, shaft Pewabic drove was driven on an incline following this bed. The shaft was located approximately 1,900 ft. north of the Quincy #2 shaft. The mineralization on the Pewabic lode at the Pewabic Mine was not as rich as it was on Quincy's property. However, the company did manage to pay dividends amounting to $1 million. The Pewabic Mining Company, when originally organized, had a thirty-year charter from the state of Michigan. Company officials allowed the charter to lapse in 1883, and in 1884 the mine ceased operations. In 1891, Quincy Mining Co. purchased the property for $710,000 and renamed the shaft Quincy #6, which became famous for its fabulous shafthouse. This was the start of expansion and consolidation for the Quincy Mining Company that would eventually lead to control of the entire Pewabic lode. A total of approximately 27 million lbs. of refined copper was produced between 1855 and 1884 by the Pewabic Mining Co. Part of that copper production was aboard the Civil War-era steamer Pewabic carrying a valuable cargo of copper from Michigan’s Keweenaw Peninsula mines on August 9, 1865. The name Pewabic for the mining company, lode and steamer is an Ojibway Indian word meaning “copper or iron-bearing mineralized formation.” Her cargo consisted of copper ingots from four mines (Quincy Mining Co., Hancock Mine, Pewabic Mining Co., and the Franklin Mine), a quantity of barrel copper (chiseled from a large mass of native copper), and several large pieces of mass copper weighing up to 16,000 pounds each all intended for the eastern factories producing sheathing for ship bottoms, boiler plates for locomotives, spikes, tubing, wiring, coins and even buttons among other things. The total copper cargo approached 270 tons. In addition she was also carrying 179 tons of specular hematite (iron ore) from the Marquette area. At sunset on Aug. 9, 1865, Pewabic collided almost bows-on with her sister ship, Meteor, and sank quickly in 180 feet of water. With the loss of 125 lives, the sinking is counted among the 10 worst ship disasters in Great Lakes history. The accident occurred about six miles off Thunder Bay Island lighthouse in Lake Huron. Pewabic was southbound from Sault Sainte Marie on her way to Detroit. Meteor was northbound. The vessels were merely 20 feet apart when Pewabic veered suddenly. Meteor's bow cut deeply into Pewabic's port side, just aft of the wheelhouse. Built in 1863 by Peck & Masters at Cleveland, Pewabic was powered by twin steam engines that turned 8-foot wooden propellers. The 200-foot vessel had a beam of 31 feet. Her oak hull was 2 feet thick and was strengthened by a wooden arch running down the centerline. Wooden propeller ships, introduced on the Great Lakes in 1841, became popular for carrying bulk cargo. By 1850, there were more than 50 of them. Pewabic and Meteor were constructed for the Pioneer line of the Lake Superior Transit Co., operated by John T. Whiting. Salvage operations for the valuable cargo took place on and off for over 100 years. Currents were extremely treacherous in the crash site area and prior to 1900, at least 10 divers died on the wreck. Nevertheless, most of the copper was eventually recovered and shipped to the eastern factories. The ingot shown here is one of the rare few that was salvaged but saved through recovery efforts in 1974 by the Busch Oceanographic Equipment Co. It remains an historic piece of copper mining history from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.) slides/Pewabic Ingot Top.jpg slides/Pewabic Ingot Side.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 PEWABIC COPPER INGOT - Copper ingot from Michigan's Upper Peninsula; ingot weighs approximately 12 pounds, 9 1/2 L x 3 W x 2 1/2 H in.; stamped with the PW designation for Pewabic, LTS for the Lake Superior Transit Company, and MC for Mining Company. (The Pewabic Mine is an underground copper mine located north of Hancock, MI, and just north of the Quincy Mine on Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. In 1853 the Pewabic Mining Company was formed by eastern capitalists who controlled a tract of ground on the north end of the Quincy property. For the first two years, work concentrated on opening prehistoric mining pits that traced an apparent amygdaloid bed that was subsequently named the Pewabic lode. The first, and only, shaft Pewabic drove was driven on an incline following this bed. The shaft was located approximately 1,900 ft. north of the Quincy #2 shaft. The mineralization on the Pewabic lode at the Pewabic Mine was not as rich as it was on Quincy's property. However, the company did manage to pay dividends amounting to $1 million. The Pewabic Mining Company, when originally organized, had a thirty-year charter from the state of Michigan. Company officials allowed the charter to lapse in 1883, and in 1884 the mine ceased operations. In 1891, Quincy Mining Co. purchased the property for $710,000 and renamed the shaft Quincy #6, which became famous for its fabulous shafthouse. This was the start of expansion and consolidation for the Quincy Mining Company that would eventually lead to control of the entire Pewabic lode. A total of approximately 27 million lbs. of refined copper was produced between 1855 and 1884 by the Pewabic Mining Co. Part of that copper production was aboard the Civil War-era steamer Pewabic carrying a valuable cargo of copper from Michigan’s Keweenaw Peninsula mines on August 9, 1865. The name Pewabic for the mining company, lode and steamer is an Ojibway Indian word meaning “copper or iron-bearing mineralized formation.” Her cargo consisted of copper ingots from four mines (Quincy Mining Co., Hancock Mine, Pewabic Mining Co., and the Franklin Mine), a quantity of barrel copper (chiseled from a large mass of native copper), and several large pieces of mass copper weighing up to 16,000 pounds each all intended for the eastern factories producing sheathing for ship bottoms, boiler plates for locomotives, spikes, tubing, wiring, coins and even buttons among other things. The total copper cargo approached 270 tons. In addition she was also carrying 179 tons of specular hematite (iron ore) from the Marquette area. At sunset on Aug. 9, 1865, Pewabic collided almost bows-on with her sister ship, Meteor, and sank quickly in 180 feet of water. With the loss of 125 lives, the sinking is counted among the 10 worst ship disasters in Great Lakes history. The accident occurred about six miles off Thunder Bay Island lighthouse in Lake Huron. Pewabic was southbound from Sault Sainte Marie on her way to Detroit. Meteor was northbound. The vessels were merely 20 feet apart when Pewabic veered suddenly. Meteor's bow cut deeply into Pewabic's port side, just aft of the wheelhouse. Built in 1863 by Peck & Masters at Cleveland, Pewabic was powered by twin steam engines that turned 8-foot wooden propellers. The 200-foot vessel had a beam of 31 feet. Her oak hull was 2 feet thick and was strengthened by a wooden arch running down the centerline. Wooden propeller ships, introduced on the Great Lakes in 1841, became popular for carrying bulk cargo. By 1850, there were more than 50 of them. Pewabic and Meteor were constructed for the Pioneer line of the Lake Superior Transit Co., operated by John T. Whiting. Salvage operations for the valuable cargo took place on and off for over 100 years. Currents were extremely treacherous in the crash site area and prior to 1900, at least 10 divers died on the wreck. Nevertheless, most of the copper was eventually recovered and shipped to the eastern factories. The ingot shown here is one of the rare few that was salvaged but saved through recovery efforts in 1974 by the Busch Oceanographic Equipment Co. It remains an historic piece of copper mining history from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.) PEWABIC COPPER INGOT - Copper ingot from Michigan's Upper Peninsula; ingot weighs approximately 12 pounds, 9 1/2 L x 3 W x 2 1/2 H in.; stamped with the PW designation for Pewabic, LTS for the Lake Superior Transit Company, and MC for Mining Company. (The Pewabic Mine is an underground copper mine located north of Hancock, MI, and just north of the Quincy Mine on Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. In 1853 the Pewabic Mining Company was formed by eastern capitalists who controlled a tract of ground on the north end of the Quincy property. For the first two years, work concentrated on opening prehistoric mining pits that traced an apparent amygdaloid bed that was subsequently named the Pewabic lode. The first, and only, shaft Pewabic drove was driven on an incline following this bed. The shaft was located approximately 1,900 ft. north of the Quincy #2 shaft. The mineralization on the Pewabic lode at the Pewabic Mine was not as rich as it was on Quincy's property. However, the company did manage to pay dividends amounting to $1 million. The Pewabic Mining Company, when originally organized, had a thirty-year charter from the state of Michigan. Company officials allowed the charter to lapse in 1883, and in 1884 the mine ceased operations. In 1891, Quincy Mining Co. purchased the property for $710,000 and renamed the shaft Quincy #6, which became famous for its fabulous shafthouse. This was the start of expansion and consolidation for the Quincy Mining Company that would eventually lead to control of the entire Pewabic lode. A total of approximately 27 million lbs. of refined copper was produced between 1855 and 1884 by the Pewabic Mining Co. Part of that copper production was aboard the Civil War-era steamer Pewabic carrying a valuable cargo of copper from Michigan’s Keweenaw Peninsula mines on August 9, 1865. The name Pewabic for the mining company, lode and steamer is an Ojibway Indian word meaning “copper or iron-bearing mineralized formation.” Her cargo consisted of copper ingots from four mines (Quincy Mining Co., Hancock Mine, Pewabic Mining Co., and the Franklin Mine), a quantity of barrel copper (chiseled from a large mass of native copper), and several large pieces of mass copper weighing up to 16,000 pounds each all intended for the eastern factories producing sheathing for ship bottoms, boiler plates for locomotives, spikes, tubing, wiring, coins and even buttons among other things. The total copper cargo approached 270 tons. In addition she was also carrying 179 tons of specular hematite (iron ore) from the Marquette area. At sunset on Aug. 9, 1865, Pewabic collided almost bows-on with her sister ship, Meteor, and sank quickly in 180 feet of water. With the loss of 125 lives, the sinking is counted among the 10 worst ship disasters in Great Lakes history. The accident occurred about six miles off Thunder Bay Island lighthouse in Lake Huron. Pewabic was southbound from Sault Sainte Marie on her way to Detroit. Meteor was northbound. The vessels were merely 20 feet apart when Pewabic veered suddenly. Meteor's bow cut deeply into Pewabic's port side, just aft of the wheelhouse. Built in 1863 by Peck & Masters at Cleveland, Pewabic was powered by twin steam engines that turned 8-foot wooden propellers. The 200-foot vessel had a beam of 31 feet. Her oak hull was 2 feet thick and was strengthened by a wooden arch running down the centerline. Wooden propeller ships, introduced on the Great Lakes in 1841, became popular for carrying bulk cargo. By 1850, there were more than 50 of them. Pewabic and Meteor were constructed for the Pioneer line of the Lake Superior Transit Co., operated by John T. Whiting. Salvage operations for the valuable cargo took place on and off for over 100 years. Currents were extremely treacherous in the crash site area and prior to 1900, at least 10 divers died on the wreck. Nevertheless, most of the copper was eventually recovered and shipped to the eastern factories. The ingot shown here is one of the rare few that was salvaged but saved through recovery efforts in 1974 by the Busch Oceanographic Equipment Co. It remains an historic piece of copper mining history from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.) slides/Pewabic Ingot Side.jpg slides/Pewabic Ingot Bottom.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 PEWABIC COPPER INGOT - Copper ingot from Michigan's Upper Peninsula; ingot weighs approximately 12 pounds, 9 1/2 L x 3 W x 2 1/2 H in.; stamped with the PW designation for Pewabic, LTS for the Lake Superior Transit Company, and MC for Mining Company. (The Pewabic Mine is an underground copper mine located north of Hancock, MI, and just north of the Quincy Mine on Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. In 1853 the Pewabic Mining Company was formed by eastern capitalists who controlled a tract of ground on the north end of the Quincy property. For the first two years, work concentrated on opening prehistoric mining pits that traced an apparent amygdaloid bed that was subsequently named the Pewabic lode. The first, and only, shaft Pewabic drove was driven on an incline following this bed. The shaft was located approximately 1,900 ft. north of the Quincy #2 shaft. The mineralization on the Pewabic lode at the Pewabic Mine was not as rich as it was on Quincy's property. However, the company did manage to pay dividends amounting to $1 million. The Pewabic Mining Company, when originally organized, had a thirty-year charter from the state of Michigan. Company officials allowed the charter to lapse in 1883, and in 1884 the mine ceased operations. In 1891, Quincy Mining Co. purchased the property for $710,000 and renamed the shaft Quincy #6, which became famous for its fabulous shafthouse. This was the start of expansion and consolidation for the Quincy Mining Company that would eventually lead to control of the entire Pewabic lode. A total of approximately 27 million lbs. of refined copper was produced between 1855 and 1884 by the Pewabic Mining Co. Part of that copper production was aboard the Civil War-era steamer Pewabic carrying a valuable cargo of copper from Michigan’s Keweenaw Peninsula mines on August 9, 1865. The name Pewabic for the mining company, lode and steamer is an Ojibway Indian word meaning “copper or iron-bearing mineralized formation.” Her cargo consisted of copper ingots from four mines (Quincy Mining Co., Hancock Mine, Pewabic Mining Co., and the Franklin Mine), a quantity of barrel copper (chiseled from a large mass of native copper), and several large pieces of mass copper weighing up to 16,000 pounds each all intended for the eastern factories producing sheathing for ship bottoms, boiler plates for locomotives, spikes, tubing, wiring, coins and even buttons among other things. The total copper cargo approached 270 tons. In addition she was also carrying 179 tons of specular hematite (iron ore) from the Marquette area. At sunset on Aug. 9, 1865, Pewabic collided almost bows-on with her sister ship, Meteor, and sank quickly in 180 feet of water. With the loss of 125 lives, the sinking is counted among the 10 worst ship disasters in Great Lakes history. The accident occurred about six miles off Thunder Bay Island lighthouse in Lake Huron. Pewabic was southbound from Sault Sainte Marie on her way to Detroit. Meteor was northbound. The vessels were merely 20 feet apart when Pewabic veered suddenly. Meteor's bow cut deeply into Pewabic's port side, just aft of the wheelhouse. Built in 1863 by Peck & Masters at Cleveland, Pewabic was powered by twin steam engines that turned 8-foot wooden propellers. The 200-foot vessel had a beam of 31 feet. Her oak hull was 2 feet thick and was strengthened by a wooden arch running down the centerline. Wooden propeller ships, introduced on the Great Lakes in 1841, became popular for carrying bulk cargo. By 1850, there were more than 50 of them. Pewabic and Meteor were constructed for the Pioneer line of the Lake Superior Transit Co., operated by John T. Whiting. Salvage operations for the valuable cargo took place on and off for over 100 years. Currents were extremely treacherous in the crash site area and prior to 1900, at least 10 divers died on the wreck. Nevertheless, most of the copper was eventually recovered and shipped to the eastern factories. The ingot shown here is one of the rare few that was salvaged but saved through recovery efforts in 1974 by the Busch Oceanographic Equipment Co. It remains an historic piece of copper mining history from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.) PEWABIC COPPER INGOT - Copper ingot from Michigan's Upper Peninsula; ingot weighs approximately 12 pounds, 9 1/2 L x 3 W x 2 1/2 H in.; stamped with the PW designation for Pewabic, LTS for the Lake Superior Transit Company, and MC for Mining Company. (The Pewabic Mine is an underground copper mine located north of Hancock, MI, and just north of the Quincy Mine on Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. In 1853 the Pewabic Mining Company was formed by eastern capitalists who controlled a tract of ground on the north end of the Quincy property. For the first two years, work concentrated on opening prehistoric mining pits that traced an apparent amygdaloid bed that was subsequently named the Pewabic lode. The first, and only, shaft Pewabic drove was driven on an incline following this bed. The shaft was located approximately 1,900 ft. north of the Quincy #2 shaft. The mineralization on the Pewabic lode at the Pewabic Mine was not as rich as it was on Quincy's property. However, the company did manage to pay dividends amounting to $1 million. The Pewabic Mining Company, when originally organized, had a thirty-year charter from the state of Michigan. Company officials allowed the charter to lapse in 1883, and in 1884 the mine ceased operations. In 1891, Quincy Mining Co. purchased the property for $710,000 and renamed the shaft Quincy #6, which became famous for its fabulous shafthouse. This was the start of expansion and consolidation for the Quincy Mining Company that would eventually lead to control of the entire Pewabic lode. A total of approximately 27 million lbs. of refined copper was produced between 1855 and 1884 by the Pewabic Mining Co. Part of that copper production was aboard the Civil War-era steamer Pewabic carrying a valuable cargo of copper from Michigan’s Keweenaw Peninsula mines on August 9, 1865. The name Pewabic for the mining company, lode and steamer is an Ojibway Indian word meaning “copper or iron-bearing mineralized formation.” Her cargo consisted of copper ingots from four mines (Quincy Mining Co., Hancock Mine, Pewabic Mining Co., and the Franklin Mine), a quantity of barrel copper (chiseled from a large mass of native copper), and several large pieces of mass copper weighing up to 16,000 pounds each all intended for the eastern factories producing sheathing for ship bottoms, boiler plates for locomotives, spikes, tubing, wiring, coins and even buttons among other things. The total copper cargo approached 270 tons. In addition she was also carrying 179 tons of specular hematite (iron ore) from the Marquette area. At sunset on Aug. 9, 1865, Pewabic collided almost bows-on with her sister ship, Meteor, and sank quickly in 180 feet of water. With the loss of 125 lives, the sinking is counted among the 10 worst ship disasters in Great Lakes history. The accident occurred about six miles off Thunder Bay Island lighthouse in Lake Huron. Pewabic was southbound from Sault Sainte Marie on her way to Detroit. Meteor was northbound. The vessels were merely 20 feet apart when Pewabic veered suddenly. Meteor's bow cut deeply into Pewabic's port side, just aft of the wheelhouse. Built in 1863 by Peck & Masters at Cleveland, Pewabic was powered by twin steam engines that turned 8-foot wooden propellers. The 200-foot vessel had a beam of 31 feet. Her oak hull was 2 feet thick and was strengthened by a wooden arch running down the centerline. Wooden propeller ships, introduced on the Great Lakes in 1841, became popular for carrying bulk cargo. By 1850, there were more than 50 of them. Pewabic and Meteor were constructed for the Pioneer line of the Lake Superior Transit Co., operated by John T. Whiting. Salvage operations for the valuable cargo took place on and off for over 100 years. Currents were extremely treacherous in the crash site area and prior to 1900, at least 10 divers died on the wreck. Nevertheless, most of the copper was eventually recovered and shipped to the eastern factories. The ingot shown here is one of the rare few that was salvaged but saved through recovery efforts in 1974 by the Busch Oceanographic Equipment Co. It remains an historic piece of copper mining history from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.) slides/Pewabic Ingot Bottom.jpg slides/Pocahontas Coal Corporate Seal.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 POCAHONTAS COAL COMPANY CORPORATE SEAL EMBOSSER - Corporate embosser for Pocahontas Coal Co. Corporate Seal, Delaware 1925; stamp produces clear and sharp imprint POCAHONTAS COAL COMPANY CORPORATE SEAL EMBOSSER - Corporate embosser for Pocahontas Coal Co. Corporate Seal, Delaware 1925; stamp produces clear and sharp imprint slides/Pocahontas Coal Corporate Seal.JPG slides/Portable Assay Kit.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 PORTABLE ASSAY KIT - Unique mining assay kit; box (18.5” x 8.5” x 14”) wooden inside and tin on outside with brass reinforcements and fluted handle; fold-down side with upper drawer; full of assayer equipment, test tubes, apparatus, chemical containers, tools and brass blowpipes; (kit used by Jim Phelps assayer in the Georgetown/Silver Plume area of Colorado from 1905 to 1935; kit originally obtained by Leo Stambaugh from a family in Silver Plume and kept in his mining museum in Georgetown for many years) PORTABLE ASSAY KIT - Unique mining assay kit; box (18.5” x 8.5” x 14”) wooden inside and tin on outside with brass reinforcements and fluted handle; fold-down side with upper drawer; full of assayer equipment, test tubes, apparatus, chemical containers, tools and brass blowpipes; (kit used by Jim Phelps assayer in the Georgetown/Silver Plume area of Colorado from 1905 to 1935; kit originally obtained by Leo Stambaugh from a family in Silver Plume and kept in his mining museum in Georgetown for many years) slides/Portable Assay Kit.jpg slides/Portable Gold Scale Open.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 PORTABLE GOLD SCALE - Small brass equal arm gold scale in box with complete weights, red covered box is 6 3/4 in. long, 3 1/2 in. wide by 1 5/8 in. tall with metal clasp, inside lined with chamois with 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1 and 2 troy ounces weights and 7 fractional weights inside hinged brass covered well, unmarked but identical set to rare marked MINER'S COMPANION scale in Tony Moon collection PORTABLE GOLD SCALE - Small brass equal arm gold scale in box with complete weights, red covered box is 6 3/4 in. long, 3 1/2 in. wide by 1 5/8 in. tall with metal clasp, inside lined with chamois with 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1 and 2 troy ounces weights and 7 fractional weights inside hinged brass covered well, unmarked but identical set to rare marked MINER'S COMPANION scale in Tony Moon collection slides/Portable Gold Scale Open.jpg slides/Portable Gold Scale Closed.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 PORTABLE GOLD SCALE - Small brass equal arm gold scale in box with complete weights, red covered box is 6 3/4 in. long, 3 1/2 in. wide by 1 5/8 in. tall with metal clasp, inside lined with chamois with 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1 and 2 troy ounces weights and 7 fractional weights inside hinged brass covered well, unmarked but identical set to rare marked MINER'S COMPANION scale in Tony Moon collection PORTABLE GOLD SCALE - Small brass equal arm gold scale in box with complete weights, red covered box is 6 3/4 in. long, 3 1/2 in. wide by 1 5/8 in. tall with metal clasp, inside lined with chamois with 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1 and 2 troy ounces weights and 7 fractional weights inside hinged brass covered well, unmarked but identical set to rare marked MINER'S COMPANION scale in Tony Moon collection slides/Portable Gold Scale Closed.jpg slides/Portable Gold Scale.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 PORTABLE GOLD SCALE - Small brass equal arm gold scale in box with complete weights, red covered box is 6 3/4 in. long, 3 1/2 in. wide by 1 5/8 in. tall with metal clasp, inside lined with chamois with 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1 and 2 troy ounces weights and 7 fractional weights inside hinged brass covered well, unmarked but identical set to rare marked MINER'S COMPANION scale in Tony Moon collection PORTABLE GOLD SCALE - Small brass equal arm gold scale in box with complete weights, red covered box is 6 3/4 in. long, 3 1/2 in. wide by 1 5/8 in. tall with metal clasp, inside lined with chamois with 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1 and 2 troy ounces weights and 7 fractional weights inside hinged brass covered well, unmarked but identical set to rare marked MINER'S COMPANION scale in Tony Moon collection slides/Portable Gold Scale.jpg slides/Pulp Balance I.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 STANTON INSTRUMENTS PULP BALANCE - Pulp balance; Stanton Instruments Ltd, London, index marked A. Gallenkamp & Co. Ltd., London E. C. 2; glass top with opening side glass doors and counterbalanced front (A number of balances were used in the assaying of ore and the pulp balance is one of them. The pulp balance shown here is the enclosed style while others were the open style. The enclosed pulp balance was also called an analytical balance and was constructed of a wood case, oftentimes mahagony, with glass sides and top and a sliding front glass panel for access. The enclosed balance had pan rests to control oscillations when in use. The pulp balance was used in the assaying process to weigh the "pulp" which is the result of crushing, quartering and screening the ore. At this stage in the process, the assay ton weights were used. Since gold and silver assays were reported in troy ounces per ton, if the pulp was weighed in grams and the button in milligrams (the button is a small pellet of the metal of interest that results from the assaying process), the assayer would need several calculations to do the conversion to troy onces per ton. The system of assay ton weights greatly simplified this computation. Simply, one assay ton weighs 29,166 milligrams, the same milligrams as there are troy onces in an avoirdupois ton. If the ore charge of one assay ton is taken, each milligram that the resulting metal button weighs represents one troy ounce of the metal per ton of ore. Two different sets of assay ton weights were generally available, one set ranging from one assay ton to 1/20th assay ton, and a second set from 4 assay tons to 1/20th assay ton. See Shannon, Mining Artifact Collector #4, p 33) STANTON INSTRUMENTS PULP BALANCE - Pulp balance; Stanton Instruments Ltd, London, index marked A. Gallenkamp & Co. Ltd., London E. C. 2; glass top with opening side glass doors and counterbalanced front (A number of balances were used in the assaying of ore and the pulp balance is one of them. The pulp balance shown here is the enclosed style while others were the open style. The enclosed pulp balance was also called an analytical balance and was constructed of a wood case, oftentimes mahagony, with glass sides and top and a sliding front glass panel for access. The enclosed balance had pan rests to control oscillations when in use. The pulp balance was used in the assaying process to weigh the "pulp" which is the result of crushing, quartering and screening the ore. At this stage in the process, the assay ton weights were used. Since gold and silver assays were reported in troy ounces per ton, if the pulp was weighed in grams and the button in milligrams (the button is a small pellet of the metal of interest that results from the assaying process), the assayer would need several calculations to do the conversion to troy onces per ton. The system of assay ton weights greatly simplified this computation. Simply, one assay ton weighs 29,166 milligrams, the same milligrams as there are troy onces in an avoirdupois ton. If the ore charge of one assay ton is taken, each milligram that the resulting metal button weighs represents one troy ounce of the metal per ton of ore. Two different sets of assay ton weights were generally available, one set ranging from one assay ton to 1/20th assay ton, and a second set from 4 assay tons to 1/20th assay ton. See Shannon, Mining Artifact Collector #4, p 33) slides/Pulp Balance I.JPG slides/Pulp Balance I Open.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 STANTON INSTRUMENTS PULP BALANCE - Pulp balance; Stanton Instruments Ltd, London, index marked A. Gallenkamp & Co. Ltd., London E. C. 2; glass top with opening side glass doors and counterbalanced front (A number of balances were used in the assaying of ore and the pulp balance is one of them. The pulp balance shown here is the enclosed style while others were the open style. The enclosed pulp balance was also called an analytical balance and was constructed of a wood case, oftentimes mahagony, with glass sides and top and a sliding front glass panel for access. The enclosed balance had pan rests to control oscillations when in use. The pulp balance was used in the assaying process to weigh the "pulp" which is the result of crushing, quartering and screening the ore. At this stage in the process, the assay ton weights were used. Since gold and silver assays were reported in troy ounces per ton, if the pulp was weighed in grams and the button in milligrams (the button is a small pellet of the metal of interest that results from the assaying process), the assayer would need several calculations to do the conversion to troy onces per ton. The system of assay ton weights greatly simplified this computation. Simply, one assay ton weighs 29,166 milligrams, the same milligrams as there are troy onces in an avoirdupois ton. If the ore charge of one assay ton is taken, each milligram that the resulting metal button weighs represents one troy ounce of the metal per ton of ore. Two different sets of assay ton weights were generally available, one set ranging from one assay ton to 1/20th assay ton, and a second set from 4 assay tons to 1/20th assay ton. See Shannon, Mining Artifact Collector #4, p 33) STANTON INSTRUMENTS PULP BALANCE - Pulp balance; Stanton Instruments Ltd, London, index marked A. Gallenkamp & Co. Ltd., London E. C. 2; glass top with opening side glass doors and counterbalanced front (A number of balances were used in the assaying of ore and the pulp balance is one of them. The pulp balance shown here is the enclosed style while others were the open style. The enclosed pulp balance was also called an analytical balance and was constructed of a wood case, oftentimes mahagony, with glass sides and top and a sliding front glass panel for access. The enclosed balance had pan rests to control oscillations when in use. The pulp balance was used in the assaying process to weigh the "pulp" which is the result of crushing, quartering and screening the ore. At this stage in the process, the assay ton weights were used. Since gold and silver assays were reported in troy ounces per ton, if the pulp was weighed in grams and the button in milligrams (the button is a small pellet of the metal of interest that results from the assaying process), the assayer would need several calculations to do the conversion to troy onces per ton. The system of assay ton weights greatly simplified this computation. Simply, one assay ton weighs 29,166 milligrams, the same milligrams as there are troy onces in an avoirdupois ton. If the ore charge of one assay ton is taken, each milligram that the resulting metal button weighs represents one troy ounce of the metal per ton of ore. Two different sets of assay ton weights were generally available, one set ranging from one assay ton to 1/20th assay ton, and a second set from 4 assay tons to 1/20th assay ton. See Shannon, Mining Artifact Collector #4, p 33) slides/Pulp Balance I Open.JPG slides/Pulp Balance II with Weights.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 L. E. KNOTT PULP BALANCE - Pulp balance; L. E. Knott Apparatus Co., Boston, circa 1880, used in Silverton area, acquired from Silverton resident (A number of balances were used in the assaying of ore and the pulp balance is one of them. The pulp balance shown here is the enclosed style while others were the open style. The enclosed pulp balance was also called an analytical balance and was constructed of a wood case, oftentimes mahagony, with glass sides and top and a sliding front glass panel for access. The enclosed balance had pan rests to control oscillations when in use. The pulp balance was used in the assaying process to weigh the "pulp" which is the result of crushing, quartering and screening the ore. At this stage in the process, the assay ton weights were used. Since gold and silver assays were reported in troy ounces per ton, if the pulp was weighed in grams and the button in milligrams (the button is a small pellet of the metal of interest that results from the assaying process), the assayer would need several calculations to do the conversion to troy onces per ton. The system of assay ton weights greatly simplified this computation. Simply, one assay ton weighs 29,166 milligrams, the same milligrams as there are troy onces in an avoirdupois ton. If the ore charge of one assay ton is taken, each milligram that the resulting metal button weighs represents one troy ounce of the metal per ton of ore. Two different sets of assay ton weights were generally available, one set ranging from one assay ton to 1/20th assay ton, and a second set from 4 assay tons to 1/20th assay ton. See Shannon, Mining Artifact Collector #4, p 33) L. E. KNOTT PULP BALANCE - Pulp balance; L. E. Knott Apparatus Co., Boston, circa 1880, used in Silverton area, acquired from Silverton resident (A number of balances were used in the assaying of ore and the pulp balance is one of them. The pulp balance shown here is the enclosed style while others were the open style. The enclosed pulp balance was also called an analytical balance and was constructed of a wood case, oftentimes mahagony, with glass sides and top and a sliding front glass panel for access. The enclosed balance had pan rests to control oscillations when in use. The pulp balance was used in the assaying process to weigh the "pulp" which is the result of crushing, quartering and screening the ore. At this stage in the process, the assay ton weights were used. Since gold and silver assays were reported in troy ounces per ton, if the pulp was weighed in grams and the button in milligrams (the button is a small pellet of the metal of interest that results from the assaying process), the assayer would need several calculations to do the conversion to troy onces per ton. The system of assay ton weights greatly simplified this computation. Simply, one assay ton weighs 29,166 milligrams, the same milligrams as there are troy onces in an avoirdupois ton. If the ore charge of one assay ton is taken, each milligram that the resulting metal button weighs represents one troy ounce of the metal per ton of ore. Two different sets of assay ton weights were generally available, one set ranging from one assay ton to 1/20th assay ton, and a second set from 4 assay tons to 1/20th assay ton. See Shannon, Mining Artifact Collector #4, p 33) slides/Pulp Balance II with Weights.JPG slides/Queen & Co. Anemometer Front.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 QUEEN & COMPANY ANEMOMETER - An original Queen & Co. mining anemometer with leather case, brass shell of the instrument is marked EVERHART BRASS WORKS, SCRANTON, PA and measures 4 1/4 in. diameter and 1 3/4 in. width, one large dial and three small dials, marked on dial QUEEN & CO. PHILA and No. 1314, ca.1897-1912 (This is the only mining anemometer with both Queen and Everhart markings I have ever seen. Both companies have long and storied histories supplying the mining world. The James W. Queen Co. of Philadelphia was a premier maker of scientific instruments during the mid to latter part of the 19th century. The best known products manufactured by Queen are the highly-sought after microscopes and transits which were sold worldwide. Queen also supplied anemometers, thermometers, aneroid barometers and drawing instruments among a large variety of other scientific products. James W. Queen was born to Irish immigrant parents in Philadelphia, PA in 1811. In his early teens, he apprenticed under John McAllister who was the leading scientific instrument dealer in Philadelphia at the time. By 1836 he joined McAllister as a partner in the firm. He remained so till he went into business for himself in 1853 advertising his business as optician, importer and dealer in optical, mathematical and philosophical instruments. In 1859 he partnered with Samuel Fox and named the new business James W. Queen & Company. James Queen retired from the business in 1870 and died on July 14, 1890. Fox continued the business taking on new partners and by 1877, he had expanded the company into a department store of quality scientific instruments. Items from this period are marked J. (or Jas.) W. Queen and Co. The signature Queen and Co. as shown on this anemometer began to appear on company products after the company’s incorporation and name change in 1893. The company continued in business until 1912 at which time it was reorganized as the Queen-Gray Co. by John G. Gray and continued as such until Gray's death in 1925. Following Gray's death, it was renamed the Gray Instrument Co. The Scranton Brass and File Works was founded in 1853 by John McLaren. The company was a manufacturer of brass work for water, gas and steam as well as Carr and Wilson’s patent cut files. Originally located in Pittston, PA, the company was moved to Scranton in 1865. In 1871, James M. Everhart purchased a half-interest in the firm and the company continued as McLaren and Everhart. McLaren died in 1873 and Everhart became the sole proprietor of the Scranton Brass Works. Dr. Isaiah Fawkes Everhart, James’s brother, became an active investor in the company and served for a time as president of the company. An ad in the 1907 Coal Field Directory lists a number of products for the company including anemometers and safety lamps for the mining industry. James Everhart died in May 1897 at the age of 69. After his death, the company’s name was changed to the Everhart Brass Works. Dr. Isaiah Everhart continued his interests in the company and in 1907, he gifted a museum to the city of Scranton that opened in 1908 as the Everhart Museum of Natural History, Science and Art. The museum today is the largest general museum in Northeastern Pennsylvania. He died in May 1911. The Everhart Brass Works continued in business until the early 1940s.) QUEEN & COMPANY ANEMOMETER - An original Queen & Co. mining anemometer with leather case, brass shell of the instrument is marked EVERHART BRASS WORKS, SCRANTON, PA and measures 4 1/4 in. diameter and 1 3/4 in. width, one large dial and three small dials, marked on dial QUEEN & CO. PHILA and No. 1314, ca.1897-1912 (This is the only mining anemometer with both Queen and Everhart markings I have ever seen. Both companies have long and storied histories supplying the mining world. The James W. Queen Co. of Philadelphia was a premier maker of scientific instruments during the mid to latter part of the 19th century. The best known products manufactured by Queen are the highly-sought after microscopes and transits which were sold worldwide. Queen also supplied anemometers, thermometers, aneroid barometers and drawing instruments among a large variety of other scientific products. James W. Queen was born to Irish immigrant parents in Philadelphia, PA in 1811. In his early teens, he apprenticed under John McAllister who was the leading scientific instrument dealer in Philadelphia at the time. By 1836 he joined McAllister as a partner in the firm. He remained so till he went into business for himself in 1853 advertising his business as optician, importer and dealer in optical, mathematical and philosophical instruments. In 1859 he partnered with Samuel Fox and named the new business James W. Queen & Company. James Queen retired from the business in 1870 and died on July 14, 1890. Fox continued the business taking on new partners and by 1877, he had expanded the company into a department store of quality scientific instruments. Items from this period are marked J. (or Jas.) W. Queen and Co. The signature Queen and Co. as shown on this anemometer began to appear on company products after the company’s incorporation and name change in 1893. The company continued in business until 1912 at which time it was reorganized as the Queen-Gray Co. by John G. Gray and continued as such until Gray's death in 1925. Following Gray's death, it was renamed the Gray Instrument Co. The Scranton Brass and File Works was founded in 1853 by John McLaren. The company was a manufacturer of brass work for water, gas and steam as well as Carr and Wilson’s patent cut files. Originally located in Pittston, PA, the company was moved to Scranton in 1865. In 1871, James M. Everhart purchased a half-interest in the firm and the company continued as McLaren and Everhart. McLaren died in 1873 and Everhart became the sole proprietor of the Scranton Brass Works. Dr. Isaiah Fawkes Everhart, James’s brother, became an active investor in the company and served for a time as president of the company. An ad in the 1907 Coal Field Directory lists a number of products for the company including anemometers and safety lamps for the mining industry. James Everhart died in May 1897 at the age of 69. After his death, the company’s name was changed to the Everhart Brass Works. Dr. Isaiah Everhart continued his interests in the company and in 1907, he gifted a museum to the city of Scranton that opened in 1908 as the Everhart Museum of Natural History, Science and Art. The museum today is the largest general museum in Northeastern Pennsylvania. He died in May 1911. The Everhart Brass Works continued in business until the early 1940s.) slides/Queen & Co. Anemometer Front.jpg slides/Queen & Co. Anemometer Dial.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 QUEEN & COMPANY ANEMOMETER - An original Queen & Co. mining anemometer with leather case, brass shell of the instrument is marked EVERHART BRASS WORKS, SCRANTON, PA and measures 4 1/4 in. diameter and 1 3/4 in. width, one large dial and three small dials, marked on dial QUEEN & CO. PHILA and No. 1314, ca.1897-1912 (This is the only mining anemometer with both Queen and Everhart markings I have ever seen. Both companies have long and storied histories supplying the mining world. The James W. Queen Co. of Philadelphia was a premier maker of scientific instruments during the mid to latter part of the 19th century. The best known products manufactured by Queen are the highly-sought after microscopes and transits which were sold worldwide. Queen also supplied anemometers, thermometers, aneroid barometers and drawing instruments among a large variety of other scientific products. James W. Queen was born to Irish immigrant parents in Philadelphia, PA in 1811. In his early teens, he apprenticed under John McAllister who was the leading scientific instrument dealer in Philadelphia at the time. By 1836 he joined McAllister as a partner in the firm. He remained so till he went into business for himself in 1853 advertising his business as optician, importer and dealer in optical, mathematical and philosophical instruments. In 1859 he partnered with Samuel Fox and named the new business James W. Queen & Company. James Queen retired from the business in 1870 and died on July 14, 1890. Fox continued the business taking on new partners and by 1877, he had expanded the company into a department store of quality scientific instruments. Items from this period are marked J. (or Jas.) W. Queen and Co. The signature Queen and Co. as shown on this anemometer began to appear on company products after the company’s incorporation and name change in 1893. The company continued in business until 1912 at which time it was reorganized as the Queen-Gray Co. by John G. Gray and continued as such until Gray's death in 1925. Following Gray's death, it was renamed the Gray Instrument Co. The Scranton Brass and File Works was founded in 1853 by John McLaren. The company was a manufacturer of brass work for water, gas and steam as well as Carr and Wilson’s patent cut files. Originally located in Pittston, PA, the company was moved to Scranton in 1865. In 1871, James M. Everhart purchased a half-interest in the firm and the company continued as McLaren and Everhart. McLaren died in 1873 and Everhart became the sole proprietor of the Scranton Brass Works. Dr. Isaiah Fawkes Everhart, James’s brother, became an active investor in the company and served for a time as president of the company. An ad in the 1907 Coal Field Directory lists a number of products for the company including anemometers and safety lamps for the mining industry. James Everhart died in May 1897 at the age of 69. After his death, the company’s name was changed to the Everhart Brass Works. Dr. Isaiah Everhart continued his interests in the company and in 1907, he gifted a museum to the city of Scranton that opened in 1908 as the Everhart Museum of Natural History, Science and Art. The museum today is the largest general museum in Northeastern Pennsylvania. He died in May 1911. The Everhart Brass Works continued in business until the early 1940s.) QUEEN & COMPANY ANEMOMETER - An original Queen & Co. mining anemometer with leather case, brass shell of the instrument is marked EVERHART BRASS WORKS, SCRANTON, PA and measures 4 1/4 in. diameter and 1 3/4 in. width, one large dial and three small dials, marked on dial QUEEN & CO. PHILA and No. 1314, ca.1897-1912 (This is the only mining anemometer with both Queen and Everhart markings I have ever seen. Both companies have long and storied histories supplying the mining world. The James W. Queen Co. of Philadelphia was a premier maker of scientific instruments during the mid to latter part of the 19th century. The best known products manufactured by Queen are the highly-sought after microscopes and transits which were sold worldwide. Queen also supplied anemometers, thermometers, aneroid barometers and drawing instruments among a large variety of other scientific products. James W. Queen was born to Irish immigrant parents in Philadelphia, PA in 1811. In his early teens, he apprenticed under John McAllister who was the leading scientific instrument dealer in Philadelphia at the time. By 1836 he joined McAllister as a partner in the firm. He remained so till he went into business for himself in 1853 advertising his business as optician, importer and dealer in optical, mathematical and philosophical instruments. In 1859 he partnered with Samuel Fox and named the new business James W. Queen & Company. James Queen retired from the business in 1870 and died on July 14, 1890. Fox continued the business taking on new partners and by 1877, he had expanded the company into a department store of quality scientific instruments. Items from this period are marked J. (or Jas.) W. Queen and Co. The signature Queen and Co. as shown on this anemometer began to appear on company products after the company’s incorporation and name change in 1893. The company continued in business until 1912 at which time it was reorganized as the Queen-Gray Co. by John G. Gray and continued as such until Gray's death in 1925. Following Gray's death, it was renamed the Gray Instrument Co. The Scranton Brass and File Works was founded in 1853 by John McLaren. The company was a manufacturer of brass work for water, gas and steam as well as Carr and Wilson’s patent cut files. Originally located in Pittston, PA, the company was moved to Scranton in 1865. In 1871, James M. Everhart purchased a half-interest in the firm and the company continued as McLaren and Everhart. McLaren died in 1873 and Everhart became the sole proprietor of the Scranton Brass Works. Dr. Isaiah Fawkes Everhart, James’s brother, became an active investor in the company and served for a time as president of the company. An ad in the 1907 Coal Field Directory lists a number of products for the company including anemometers and safety lamps for the mining industry. James Everhart died in May 1897 at the age of 69. After his death, the company’s name was changed to the Everhart Brass Works. Dr. Isaiah Everhart continued his interests in the company and in 1907, he gifted a museum to the city of Scranton that opened in 1908 as the Everhart Museum of Natural History, Science and Art. The museum today is the largest general museum in Northeastern Pennsylvania. He died in May 1911. The Everhart Brass Works continued in business until the early 1940s.) slides/Queen & Co. Anemometer Dial.jpg slides/Queen & Co. Anemometer with Everhart Marking.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 QUEEN & COMPANY ANEMOMETER - An original Queen & Co. mining anemometer with leather case, brass shell of the instrument is marked EVERHART BRASS WORKS, SCRANTON, PA and measures 4 1/4 in. diameter and 1 3/4 in. width, one large dial and three small dials, marked on dial QUEEN & CO. PHILA and No. 1314, ca.1897-1912 (This is the only mining anemometer with both Queen and Everhart markings I have ever seen. Both companies have long and storied histories supplying the mining world. The James W. Queen Co. of Philadelphia was a premier maker of scientific instruments during the mid to latter part of the 19th century. The best known products manufactured by Queen are the highly-sought after microscopes and transits which were sold worldwide. Queen also supplied anemometers, thermometers, aneroid barometers and drawing instruments among a large variety of other scientific products. James W. Queen was born to Irish immigrant parents in Philadelphia, PA in 1811. In his early teens, he apprenticed under John McAllister who was the leading scientific instrument dealer in Philadelphia at the time. By 1836 he joined McAllister as a partner in the firm. He remained so till he went into business for himself in 1853 advertising his business as optician, importer and dealer in optical, mathematical and philosophical instruments. In 1859 he partnered with Samuel Fox and named the new business James W. Queen & Company. James Queen retired from the business in 1870 and died on July 14, 1890. Fox continued the business taking on new partners and by 1877, he had expanded the company into a department store of quality scientific instruments. Items from this period are marked J. (or Jas.) W. Queen and Co. The signature Queen and Co. as shown on this anemometer began to appear on company products after the company’s incorporation and name change in 1893. The company continued in business until 1912 at which time it was reorganized as the Queen-Gray Co. by John G. Gray and continued as such until Gray's death in 1925. Following Gray's death, it was renamed the Gray Instrument Co. The Scranton Brass and File Works was founded in 1853 by John McLaren. The company was a manufacturer of brass work for water, gas and steam as well as Carr and Wilson’s patent cut files. Originally located in Pittston, PA, the company was moved to Scranton in 1865. In 1871, James M. Everhart purchased a half-interest in the firm and the company continued as McLaren and Everhart. McLaren died in 1873 and Everhart became the sole proprietor of the Scranton Brass Works. Dr. Isaiah Fawkes Everhart, James’s brother, became an active investor in the company and served for a time as president of the company. An ad in the 1907 Coal Field Directory lists a number of products for the company including anemometers and safety lamps for the mining industry. James Everhart died in May 1897 at the age of 69. After his death, the company’s name was changed to the Everhart Brass Works. Dr. Isaiah Everhart continued his interests in the company and in 1907, he gifted a museum to the city of Scranton that opened in 1908 as the Everhart Museum of Natural History, Science and Art. The museum today is the largest general museum in Northeastern Pennsylvania. He died in May 1911. The Everhart Brass Works continued in business until the early 1940s.) QUEEN & COMPANY ANEMOMETER - An original Queen & Co. mining anemometer with leather case, brass shell of the instrument is marked EVERHART BRASS WORKS, SCRANTON, PA and measures 4 1/4 in. diameter and 1 3/4 in. width, one large dial and three small dials, marked on dial QUEEN & CO. PHILA and No. 1314, ca.1897-1912 (This is the only mining anemometer with both Queen and Everhart markings I have ever seen. Both companies have long and storied histories supplying the mining world. The James W. Queen Co. of Philadelphia was a premier maker of scientific instruments during the mid to latter part of the 19th century. The best known products manufactured by Queen are the highly-sought after microscopes and transits which were sold worldwide. Queen also supplied anemometers, thermometers, aneroid barometers and drawing instruments among a large variety of other scientific products. James W. Queen was born to Irish immigrant parents in Philadelphia, PA in 1811. In his early teens, he apprenticed under John McAllister who was the leading scientific instrument dealer in Philadelphia at the time. By 1836 he joined McAllister as a partner in the firm. He remained so till he went into business for himself in 1853 advertising his business as optician, importer and dealer in optical, mathematical and philosophical instruments. In 1859 he partnered with Samuel Fox and named the new business James W. Queen & Company. James Queen retired from the business in 1870 and died on July 14, 1890. Fox continued the business taking on new partners and by 1877, he had expanded the company into a department store of quality scientific instruments. Items from this period are marked J. (or Jas.) W. Queen and Co. The signature Queen and Co. as shown on this anemometer began to appear on company products after the company’s incorporation and name change in 1893. The company continued in business until 1912 at which time it was reorganized as the Queen-Gray Co. by John G. Gray and continued as such until Gray's death in 1925. Following Gray's death, it was renamed the Gray Instrument Co. The Scranton Brass and File Works was founded in 1853 by John McLaren. The company was a manufacturer of brass work for water, gas and steam as well as Carr and Wilson’s patent cut files. Originally located in Pittston, PA, the company was moved to Scranton in 1865. In 1871, James M. Everhart purchased a half-interest in the firm and the company continued as McLaren and Everhart. McLaren died in 1873 and Everhart became the sole proprietor of the Scranton Brass Works. Dr. Isaiah Fawkes Everhart, James’s brother, became an active investor in the company and served for a time as president of the company. An ad in the 1907 Coal Field Directory lists a number of products for the company including anemometers and safety lamps for the mining industry. James Everhart died in May 1897 at the age of 69. After his death, the company’s name was changed to the Everhart Brass Works. Dr. Isaiah Everhart continued his interests in the company and in 1907, he gifted a museum to the city of Scranton that opened in 1908 as the Everhart Museum of Natural History, Science and Art. The museum today is the largest general museum in Northeastern Pennsylvania. He died in May 1911. The Everhart Brass Works continued in business until the early 1940s.) slides/Queen & Co. Anemometer with Everhart Marking.jpg slides/Queen & Co. Anemometer.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 QUEEN & COMPANY ANEMOMETER - An original Queen & Co. mining anemometer with leather case, brass shell of the instrument is marked EVERHART BRASS WORKS, SCRANTON, PA and measures 4 1/4 in. diameter and 1 3/4 in. width, one large dial and three small dials, marked on dial QUEEN & CO. PHILA and No. 1314, ca.1897-1912 (This is the only mining anemometer with both Queen and Everhart markings I have ever seen. Both companies have long and storied histories supplying the mining world. The James W. Queen Co. of Philadelphia was a premier maker of scientific instruments during the mid to latter part of the 19th century. The best known products manufactured by Queen are the highly-sought after microscopes and transits which were sold worldwide. Queen also supplied anemometers, thermometers, aneroid barometers and drawing instruments among a large variety of other scientific products. James W. Queen was born to Irish immigrant parents in Philadelphia, PA in 1811. In his early teens, he apprenticed under John McAllister who was the leading scientific instrument dealer in Philadelphia at the time. By 1836 he joined McAllister as a partner in the firm. He remained so till he went into business for himself in 1853 advertising his business as optician, importer and dealer in optical, mathematical and philosophical instruments. In 1859 he partnered with Samuel Fox and named the new business James W. Queen & Company. James Queen retired from the business in 1870 and died on July 14, 1890. Fox continued the business taking on new partners and by 1877, he had expanded the company into a department store of quality scientific instruments. Items from this period are marked J. (or Jas.) W. Queen and Co. The signature Queen and Co. as shown on this anemometer began to appear on company products after the company’s incorporation and name change in 1893. The company continued in business until 1912 at which time it was reorganized as the Queen-Gray Co. by John G. Gray and continued as such until Gray's death in 1925. Following Gray's death, it was renamed the Gray Instrument Co. The Scranton Brass and File Works was founded in 1853 by John McLaren. The company was a manufacturer of brass work for water, gas and steam as well as Carr and Wilson’s patent cut files. Originally located in Pittston, PA, the company was moved to Scranton in 1865. In 1871, James M. Everhart purchased a half-interest in the firm and the company continued as McLaren and Everhart. McLaren died in 1873 and Everhart became the sole proprietor of the Scranton Brass Works. Dr. Isaiah Fawkes Everhart, James’s brother, became an active investor in the company and served for a time as president of the company. An ad in the 1907 Coal Field Directory lists a number of products for the company including anemometers and safety lamps for the mining industry. James Everhart died in May 1897 at the age of 69. After his death, the company’s name was changed to the Everhart Brass Works. Dr. Isaiah Everhart continued his interests in the company and in 1907, he gifted a museum to the city of Scranton that opened in 1908 as the Everhart Museum of Natural History, Science and Art. The museum today is the largest general museum in Northeastern Pennsylvania. He died in May 1911. The Everhart Brass Works continued in business until the early 1940s.) QUEEN & COMPANY ANEMOMETER - An original Queen & Co. mining anemometer with leather case, brass shell of the instrument is marked EVERHART BRASS WORKS, SCRANTON, PA and measures 4 1/4 in. diameter and 1 3/4 in. width, one large dial and three small dials, marked on dial QUEEN & CO. PHILA and No. 1314, ca.1897-1912 (This is the only mining anemometer with both Queen and Everhart markings I have ever seen. Both companies have long and storied histories supplying the mining world. The James W. Queen Co. of Philadelphia was a premier maker of scientific instruments during the mid to latter part of the 19th century. The best known products manufactured by Queen are the highly-sought after microscopes and transits which were sold worldwide. Queen also supplied anemometers, thermometers, aneroid barometers and drawing instruments among a large variety of other scientific products. James W. Queen was born to Irish immigrant parents in Philadelphia, PA in 1811. In his early teens, he apprenticed under John McAllister who was the leading scientific instrument dealer in Philadelphia at the time. By 1836 he joined McAllister as a partner in the firm. He remained so till he went into business for himself in 1853 advertising his business as optician, importer and dealer in optical, mathematical and philosophical instruments. In 1859 he partnered with Samuel Fox and named the new business James W. Queen & Company. James Queen retired from the business in 1870 and died on July 14, 1890. Fox continued the business taking on new partners and by 1877, he had expanded the company into a department store of quality scientific instruments. Items from this period are marked J. (or Jas.) W. Queen and Co. The signature Queen and Co. as shown on this anemometer began to appear on company products after the company’s incorporation and name change in 1893. The company continued in business until 1912 at which time it was reorganized as the Queen-Gray Co. by John G. Gray and continued as such until Gray's death in 1925. Following Gray's death, it was renamed the Gray Instrument Co. The Scranton Brass and File Works was founded in 1853 by John McLaren. The company was a manufacturer of brass work for water, gas and steam as well as Carr and Wilson’s patent cut files. Originally located in Pittston, PA, the company was moved to Scranton in 1865. In 1871, James M. Everhart purchased a half-interest in the firm and the company continued as McLaren and Everhart. McLaren died in 1873 and Everhart became the sole proprietor of the Scranton Brass Works. Dr. Isaiah Fawkes Everhart, James’s brother, became an active investor in the company and served for a time as president of the company. An ad in the 1907 Coal Field Directory lists a number of products for the company including anemometers and safety lamps for the mining industry. James Everhart died in May 1897 at the age of 69. After his death, the company’s name was changed to the Everhart Brass Works. Dr. Isaiah Everhart continued his interests in the company and in 1907, he gifted a museum to the city of Scranton that opened in 1908 as the Everhart Museum of Natural History, Science and Art. The museum today is the largest general museum in Northeastern Pennsylvania. He died in May 1911. The Everhart Brass Works continued in business until the early 1940s.) slides/Queen & Co. Anemometer.jpg slides/Shanklin Cigarette Case pic1.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 SHANKLIN CIGARETTE CASE - Polished aluminum cigarette case, marked on bottom SHANKLIN MFG. CO. SPRINGFIELD, ILL., 3 x 2 ¼ x 1 in. marked advertisement GENERAL BETTER LEAD PRODUCTS with GENERAL in red letters, enclosed ad flyer by the General Lead Mfg. Co., Denver, CO, mint condition; case is special gift from my good Alaska friend Neil Tysver (The Shanklin Mfg. Co. was a well known manufacturer of carbide miners lamps - see pics in cap lamps - but also produced other metal items; the cigarette case shown here is one of those items; it is thought that this case was produced in the 1920s to diversify into other products as the carbide lamp market started to decline; the General Lead Mfg. Co. was located in Denver at 2132 Market Street from at least the early 1920s till at least the late 1940s with H.E. Guido as president; they supplied solder, Babbitt metal and plumbers’ lead goods; see Johnson, Eureka #12, p 38 for a photo of similar case) SHANKLIN CIGARETTE CASE - Polished aluminum cigarette case, marked on bottom SHANKLIN MFG. CO. SPRINGFIELD, ILL., 3 x 2 ¼ x 1 in. marked advertisement GENERAL BETTER LEAD PRODUCTS with GENERAL in red letters, enclosed ad flyer by the General Lead Mfg. Co., Denver, CO, mint condition; case is special gift from my good Alaska friend Neil Tysver (The Shanklin Mfg. Co. was a well known manufacturer of carbide miners lamps - see pics in cap lamps - but also produced other metal items; the cigarette case shown here is one of those items; it is thought that this case was produced in the 1920s to diversify into other products as the carbide lamp market started to decline; the General Lead Mfg. Co. was located in Denver at 2132 Market Street from at least the early 1920s till at least the late 1940s with H.E. Guido as president; they supplied solder, Babbitt metal and plumbers’ lead goods; see Johnson, Eureka #12, p 38 for a photo of similar case) slides/Shanklin Cigarette Case pic1.JPG slides/Shanklin Cigarette Case pic2.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 SHANKLIN CIGARETTE CASE - Polished aluminum cigarette case, marked on bottom SHANKLIN MFG. CO. SPRINGFIELD, ILL., 3 x 2 ¼ x 1 in. marked advertisement GENERAL BETTER LEAD PRODUCTS with GENERAL in red letters, enclosed ad flyer by the General Lead Mfg. Co., Denver, CO, mint condition; case is special gift from my good Alaska friend Neil Tysver (The Shanklin Mfg. Co. was a well known manufacturer of carbide miners lamps - see pics in cap lamps - but also produced other metal items; the cigarette case shown here is one of those items; it is thought that this case was produced in the 1920s to diversify into other products as the carbide lamp market started to decline; the General Lead Mfg. Co. was located in Denver at 2132 Market Street from at least the early 1920s till at least the late 1940s with H.E. Guido as president; they supplied solder, Babbitt metal and plumbers’ lead goods; see Johnson, Eureka #12, p 38 for a photo of similar case) SHANKLIN CIGARETTE CASE - Polished aluminum cigarette case, marked on bottom SHANKLIN MFG. CO. SPRINGFIELD, ILL., 3 x 2 ¼ x 1 in. marked advertisement GENERAL BETTER LEAD PRODUCTS with GENERAL in red letters, enclosed ad flyer by the General Lead Mfg. Co., Denver, CO, mint condition; case is special gift from my good Alaska friend Neil Tysver (The Shanklin Mfg. Co. was a well known manufacturer of carbide miners lamps - see pics in cap lamps - but also produced other metal items; the cigarette case shown here is one of those items; it is thought that this case was produced in the 1920s to diversify into other products as the carbide lamp market started to decline; the General Lead Mfg. Co. was located in Denver at 2132 Market Street from at least the early 1920s till at least the late 1940s with H.E. Guido as president; they supplied solder, Babbitt metal and plumbers’ lead goods; see Johnson, Eureka #12, p 38 for a photo of similar case) slides/Shanklin Cigarette Case pic2.JPG slides/Spedding Steel Mill.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 SPEDDING STEEL MILL - Hand cranked lighting device using steel and flint induced sparks for coal mining, avoids open flame lamps igniting methane explosions, used in England, France and Belgium from 1740 to 1815, predates the Davy safety lamp, invented by Carlisle Spedding, Whitehaven, England circa 1730s, unit is one of 90 (this #22) exact replicas of mill in London Science Museum (with museum permission) arranged by Bob “Doc” Kraft and Bob Samay, unit marked SPEDDING REPLICA KRAFT 22 1999 (see article in Eureka #32); ex-Doc Kraft collection SPEDDING STEEL MILL - Hand cranked lighting device using steel and flint induced sparks for coal mining, avoids open flame lamps igniting methane explosions, used in England, France and Belgium from 1740 to 1815, predates the Davy safety lamp, invented by Carlisle Spedding, Whitehaven, England circa 1730s, unit is one of 90 (this #22) exact replicas of mill in London Science Museum (with museum permission) arranged by Bob “Doc” Kraft and Bob Samay, unit marked SPEDDING REPLICA KRAFT 22 1999 (see article in Eureka #32); ex-Doc Kraft collection slides/Spedding Steel Mill.JPG slides/Truax Ore Car May 1902 Engineering and Mining Journal.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 TRUAX ORE CAR AD - Ad for the Globe Iron Works manufacturer of Truax Automatic Ore Cars in the May 1902 Engineering and Mining Journal TRUAX ORE CAR AD - Ad for the Globe Iron Works manufacturer of Truax Automatic Ore Cars in the May 1902 Engineering and Mining Journal slides/Truax Ore Car May 1902 Engineering and Mining Journal.JPG slides/Truax Ore Car Tag.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 TRUAX ORE CAR TAG - Original brass ore care tag embossed THE TRUAX PATENTED AUTOMATIC ORE CAR PAT’D JAN. 5, 1892, AUG 27, 1895, JULY 19, 1898 PAT. IN CANADA JUNE 21, 1898 MFD. BY GLOBE IRON WORKS STOCKTON, CALIF. and stamped on bottom ear with number 6176, 4.0 in. dia with original heads of brass rivets, acquired from Steve Rush (The Truax Automatic Ore Car is one of the better known ore cars in the history of western mining. Invented by George E. Truax of Denver, CO and patented (No. 466,717) on January 5, 1892, the Truax ore car solved a major problem experienced by earlier ore cars. Unlike other cars whose door may not properly open as the car is tipped resulting in a shift in the load that carried the car and load over and down the dump, the Truax car automatically opens the door as the car is tipped and then relocks the door when the car is returned to the horizontal position. The 1895 patent (#545,433) was for an improvement in the door hinge and the 1898 patent (#607,785) was for an improvement in the door locking mechanism, both also awarded to George Truax. The brass ore car tags on these cars are coveted by collectors as an easily displayed piece of vintage heavy mining equipment. These cars were originally manufactured by the Truax Manufacturing Company of Denver, CO in the late 1890s and early 1900s. Later, the cars were also manufactured by Truax at San Francisco. Truax also sold the rights to make the cars to the Globe Iron Works of Stockton, CA. Tags from the Globe Iron Works are thought to be much harder to find than those from the Denver location. The Globe Foundry at the corner of Main and Commerce streets in Stockton was established in 1858 by E. I. Keep and Wm. H. Briggs. The foundry made mining machinery and steam engines. Changing hands many times because of removals and death, the foundry finally passed into the hands of Edward F. Cadle, who had long worked at a lathe in the foundry, and his son, Frank. The Globe Iron Works was incorporated by Cadle in 1895. They made ore cars for the mines, but refusing to employ union labor, the union miners would not handle their cars and the Globe Iron Works was eventually moved from Stockton to Sacramento in 1913 and later renamed Liberty Iron Works. Liberty produced Curtiss JN-4 aircraft to help train pilots for World War I. CHECK OUT THE TRUAX PATENT IN THE NEXT PIC TRUAX ORE CAR TAG - Original brass ore care tag embossed THE TRUAX PATENTED AUTOMATIC ORE CAR PAT’D JAN. 5, 1892, AUG 27, 1895, JULY 19, 1898 PAT. IN CANADA JUNE 21, 1898 MFD. BY GLOBE IRON WORKS STOCKTON, CALIF. and stamped on bottom ear with number 6176, 4.0 in. dia with original heads of brass rivets, acquired from Steve Rush (The Truax Automatic Ore Car is one of the better known ore cars in the history of western mining. Invented by George E. Truax of Denver, CO and patented (No. 466,717) on January 5, 1892, the Truax ore car solved a major problem experienced by earlier ore cars. Unlike other cars whose door may not properly open as the car is tipped resulting in a shift in the load that carried the car and load over and down the dump, the Truax car automatically opens the door as the car is tipped and then relocks the door when the car is returned to the horizontal position. The 1895 patent (#545,433) was for an improvement in the door hinge and the 1898 patent (#607,785) was for an improvement in the door locking mechanism, both also awarded to George Truax. The brass ore car tags on these cars are coveted by collectors as an easily displayed piece of vintage heavy mining equipment. These cars were originally manufactured by the Truax Manufacturing Company of Denver, CO in the late 1890s and early 1900s. Later, the cars were also manufactured by Truax at San Francisco. Truax also sold the rights to make the cars to the Globe Iron Works of Stockton, CA. Tags from the Globe Iron Works are thought to be much harder to find than those from the Denver location. The Globe Foundry at the corner of Main and Commerce streets in Stockton was established in 1858 by E. I. Keep and Wm. H. Briggs. The foundry made mining machinery and steam engines. Changing hands many times because of removals and death, the foundry finally passed into the hands of Edward F. Cadle, who had long worked at a lathe in the foundry, and his son, Frank. The Globe Iron Works was incorporated by Cadle in 1895. They made ore cars for the mines, but refusing to employ union labor, the union miners would not handle their cars and the Globe Iron Works was eventually moved from Stockton to Sacramento in 1913 and later renamed Liberty Iron Works. Liberty produced Curtiss JN-4 aircraft to help train pilots for World War I. CHECK OUT THE TRUAX PATENT IN THE NEXT PIC slides/Truax Ore Car Tag.JPG slides/Truax Automatic Ore Car Patent.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 slides/Truax Automatic Ore Car Patent.JPG slides/Turtle Top Helmet.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 TURTLE TOP MINING HELMET - Turtle top leather helmet TURTLE TOP MINING HELMET - Turtle top leather helmet slides/Turtle Top Helmet.JPG slides/Tyler Standard Screens.html# Mon, 14 Nov 2011 17:22:30 -0700 TYLER STANDARD SCREEN - Set of three standard screens, 3 in. dia. laboratory size, 1 1/4 in deep with 3/8 in. flange on bottom, all brass with brass wire screens, 1st marked U. S. STANDARD SIEVE SERIES, OPENING 149 MICRONS, U.S. NO.100, TYLER SCREEN SCALE EQUIVALENT OPENING INCHES 0058, MESHES TO THE INCH 100, THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY CLEVELAND, OHIO and The Tyler Double Crimped Trade Mark; 2nd and 3rd marked THE TYLER STANDARD SCREEN SCALE, OPENING .0029 INCHES, MESHES 200 TO THE INCH, U.S. SIEVE SERIES EQUIVALENT, OPENING MICRONS 74, U.S. NO.200, THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY CLEVELAND, OHIO and The Tyler Double Crimped Trade Mark (In preparing a pulp sample for the fire assaying of gold and silver ores, a standard screen is used to ensure, as far as possible, uniformity in the size of the particles of the finely crushed ore. Sieves of various sizes are used to develop the sample fineness. The size to which ore is pulverized is generally stated in terms of mesh, that is, the number of holes per linear inch measuring from centre to centre of the sieve wires. Thus a 40-mesh sieve would have 40 holes to the linear inch, or 1600 to the square inch; and a 90-mesh sieve 90 holes to the linear inch, or 8100 to the square inch. Modern assaying practice tends towards very fine grinding and the use of wire screens of 100 mesh or smaller. Opinions differ as to the degree of fineness to which assay samples should be pulverized, but experience has proved that better results are generally obtained when the samples are crushed finer than was formerly thought to be necessary. There is now general agreement amongst assayers that samples should never be coarser than 80 mesh, and many assayers recommend 100 mesh and some 200 mesh. To maintain consistency in the fineness of the pulp sample, standard screens have been adopted that identify the mesh size and mesh wire diameter. By 1917 the U.S. Bureau of Standards had adopted a standard a 200-mesh sieve made from 0.0021-in. wire, having an opening of 0.0029 in., as the base of the Tyler standard screen scale. Washington S. Tyler started a wire working business in Cleveland Ohio in September 1872 initially known as the Cleveland Wire Works. In 1880 Tyler introduced an improved type of wire cloth, known as Tyler Double Crimped and by 1884 the company was incorporated in Cleveland as the W. S. Tyler Co. Tyler’s next worldwide influence on wire screening was the invention of a new type of screen known as Ton-Cap Screens in 1907. In 1910 Tyler introduced a scientifically designed testing sieve series known as the Tyler Standard Screen Scale Sieve Series. In a short matter of time, this series was adopted as a national standard by the United States and many other countries. Tyler continued to expand its business and in December 1968 the W.S. Tyler Company, and all of it's subsidiaries, had been purchased by Combustion Engineering and by May 1998 all of W.S. Tyler Canada, and the wire weaving divisions of W.S. Tyler in North America, have been 100%-owned by Haver & Boecker. Tyler’s screen series is based on the ratio of 1.414, the square root of 2, as the constant in different sizes of the standardized screen scale. Taking 0.0029 in. or 0.074 mm. the opening in the 200-mesh sieve as the base or starting point, the diameter of each successive opening is exactly 1.414 times the opening in the previous sieve. It also makes the area of surface of each successive opening in the scale just double that of the next finer or half that of the next coarser sieve. In other words, the diameters of the successive sizes have a constant ratio of 1.414 while the areas of the successive openings have a constant ratio of 2. See Algernon Del Mar, Tube Milling, McGraw Hill, 1917, pp 124-131; Rosenqvist, Principles of Extractive Metallurgy, Tapir Academic, 2004, pp 177-182; and Smith, The Sampling and Assay of the Precious Metals, Lippencott, 1913, pp 120-122) TYLER STANDARD SCREEN - Set of three standard screens, 3 in. dia. laboratory size, 1 1/4 in deep with 3/8 in. flange on bottom, all brass with brass wire screens, 1st marked U. S. STANDARD SIEVE SERIES, OPENING 149 MICRONS, U.S. NO.100, TYLER SCREEN SCALE EQUIVALENT OPENING INCHES 0058, MESHES TO THE INCH 100, THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY CLEVELAND, OHIO and The Tyler Double Crimped Trade Mark; 2nd and 3rd marked THE TYLER STANDARD SCREEN SCALE, OPENING .0029 INCHES, MESHES 200 TO THE INCH, U.S. SIEVE SERIES EQUIVALENT, OPENING MICRONS 74, U.S. NO.200, THE W. S. TYLER COMPANY CLEVELAND, OHIO and The Tyler Double Crimped Trade Mark (In preparing a pulp sample for the fire assaying of gold and silver ores, a standard screen is used to ensure, as far as possible, uniformity in the size of the particles of the finely crushed ore. Sieves of various sizes are used to develop the sample fineness. The size to which ore is pulverized is generally stated in terms of mesh, that is, the number of holes per linear inch measuring from centre to centre of the sieve wires. Thus a 40-mesh sieve would have 40 holes to the linear inch, or 1600 to the square inch; and a 90-mesh sieve 90 holes to the linear inch, or 8100 to the square inch. Modern assaying practice tends towards very fine grinding and the use of wire screens of 100 mesh or smaller. Opinions differ as to the degree of fineness to which assay samples should be pulverized, but experience has proved that better results are generally obtained when the samples are crushed finer than was formerly thought to be necessary. There is now general agreement amongst assayers that samples should never be coarser than 80 mesh, and many assayers recommend 100 mesh and some 200 mesh. To maintain consistency in the fineness of the pulp sample, standard screens have been adopted that identify the mesh size and mesh wire diameter. By 1917 the U.S. Bureau